How to make a sound diagram of a word? Brief description of consonants.

As soon as parents begin to think about how to teach their child reading skills, in addition to letters and syllables, the concept of “sound analysis of a word” appears. However, not everyone understands why it is necessary to teach a child who cannot read how to do it, because this can only cause confusion. But, as it turns out, the ability to write correctly in the future depends on the ability to correctly understand words into sounds.

Sound analysis of a word: what is it

First of all, it is worth giving a definition. So, sound analysis of a word is the determination of the order in which sounds are placed in a particular word and the characterization of their features.

Why do children need to learn to perform sound analysis of a word? To develop phonemic awareness, that is, the ability to clearly distinguish between sounds and not confuse words, for example: Tim - Dima. After all, if a child is not taught to clearly distinguish words by ear, he will not be able to write them down correctly. A this skill can be useful not only when studying the grammar of your native language, but also when studying the languages ​​of other countries.

The order of parsing words by sounds

When performing a sound analysis of any word, you must first place the stress and then divide it into syllables. Then find out how many letters are in the word and how many sounds. The next step is to analyze each sound step by step. After this, it is calculated how many vowels and how many consonants are in the analyzed word. At first, it is better for children to be given simple one-syllable or two-syllable words for analysis, for example their names: Vanya, Katya, Anya and others.

When the child has gradually figured out how to correctly analyze simple examples, it is worth complicating the analyzed word examples.

Sound analysis of a word: diagram

When working with very young children, special colored cards are used to better assimilate information.

With their help, children learn to create a sound analysis scheme.

The scarlet card is used to represent vowel sounds. Blue - hard consonants, green - soft. To indicate syllables, two-color cards in the same color scheme are used. With their help, you can teach your child to characterize sounds and whole syllables. You also need a card to indicate stress and a card to show the division of the word into syllables. All these designations, which help teach a child to make a sound analysis of a word (the diagram plays an important role in this), are approved by the official school curriculum in Russia.

Vowel sounds and their brief characteristics. Diphthongs

Before you start analyzing a word, it is important to know what features all phonetic sounds (vowels/consonants) have. When teaching children at an early stage, it is necessary to provide information only about the most simple properties, the child will study everything else in high school.

Vowel sounds (there are six of them: [o], [a], [e], [s], [u], [i]) can be stressed/unstressed.
Also in Russian there are letters that in a certain position can produce a pair of sounds - ё [yo], yu [yu], ya [ya], e [ye].

If they follow consonants, they sound like one sound and add softness to the preceding sound. In other positions (the beginning of a word, after vowels and “ъ” and “ь”) they sound like 2 sounds.

Brief characteristics of consonants

There are thirty-six consonant sounds in our language, but they are represented graphically by only twenty-one characters. Consonants are hard and soft, as well as voiced and voiceless. Also they can/cannot form pairs.

The table below lists voiced and unvoiced sounds that can form pairs, and those that do not have this ability.

It is worth remembering: the consonant sounds [th`], [ch`], [sh`] are soft in any position, and the consonants [zh], [ts], [sh] are always hard. The sounds [ts], [x], [ch`], [sch`] are absolutely always unvoiced, [m], [n], [l], [р], [й`] are (sonorous) or voiced .

Soft and hard signs do not produce sounds. Soft sign makes the previous consonant soft, and the hard sign plays the role of a sound separator (for example, in Ukrainian the apostrophe plays a similar role).

Examples of sound analysis of words: “language” and “group”

Having understood the theory, it is worth trying to practice.

For example, you can conduct a sound analysis of the word “language”. This word is quite simple, and even a beginner can understand it.

1) In this example there are two syllables “I-language”. 2nd syllable is stressed
2) The first syllable is formed using the diphthong “ya”, which is at the beginning of the word, and therefore consists of 2 sounds [y`a]. The sound [й`] is a consonant (ag.), soft (soft.) (green card), the second sound [a] is a vowel, unstressed (scarlet card). To indicate this syllable in the diagram, you can also take a two-color green-red card.

4) Syllable 2 “tongue”. It consists of three sounds [z], [s], [k]. Consonant [z] - hard, voiced (blue card). Sound [s] - vowel, shock (red card). Sound [k] - agree, hard, deaf. (blue card).
5) The emphasis is placed and checked by changing the word being analyzed.
6) So in the word “language” there are two syllables, four letters and five sounds.

One point is worth considering: in this example, the word “language” was understood as if it were for first-grade students who do not yet know that some vowels in an unstressed position can produce other sounds. In high school, when students deepen their knowledge of phonetics, they will learn that in the word “language” the unstressed [a] is pronounced like [i] - [yizyk].

Sound analysis of the word "group".

1) In the analyzed example there are 2 syllables: “group”. 1st syllable is stressed.
2) The syllable “gru” is made up of three sounds [gru]. The first [g] - agree, firm, ringing. (blue card). Sound [r] - agree, hard, ringing. (blue card). Sound [y] - vowel, shock. (scarlet card).
3) A card is placed in the diagram indicating the division of syllables.
4) The second syllable “ppa” has three letters, but they produce only 2 sounds [p:a]. Sound [p:] - agree, hard, deaf. (blue card). It is also paired and pronounced long (blue card). The sound [a] is vowel, unstressed (scarlet card).
5) Emphasis is placed in the scheme.
6) So, the word “group” consists of 2 syllables, six letters and five sounds.

The ability to do the simplest sound analysis of a word is not something difficult, in fact it is a fairly simple process, but a lot depends on it, especially if the child has problems with diction. If you figure out how to do it correctly, it will help you pronounce words in your native language without errors and will contribute to the development of the ability to write them correctly.

What is phonetic analysis of a word?
What is transcription?
How to make a sound-letter analysis of a word?
What characteristics of vowels and consonants are given in phonetic analysis?

In spoken language, words are made up of sounds. In written language, words are made up of letters. We pronounce and hear sounds. We write and see letters. In writing, sounds are represented by letters.

Phonetic analysis of the word is an analysis of the sound composition of a word. To perform phonetic analysis means to characterize all the sounds that make up a word.

Note. IN primary school this parsing is usually called sound-letter analysis words.

Notations used in phonetic analysis

The phonetic notation of a word is called transcription. The word specified for phonetic analysis is indicated in the text by the number 1.

Square brackets are used to format the phonetic notation. Each sound corresponds to one sign. No capital letter is used. Words must be stressed. The softness of a consonant sound is indicated by [❜].

For example: pebbles[gal❜ka], leaf[l❜ist❜ik]

There is one more additional icon - the sign of the longitude of the consonant [bar at the top]. It is used in cases where two letters make one sound: long[long❜long❜], sew[sh yt❜].

The order of phonetic parsing of a word

  1. Pronounce the word, set the number of syllables and stress location.
  2. Carry out a phonetic recording of the word.
  3. Describe each sound in sequence:
    a) name the vowel sound, define it as stressed or unstressed;
    b) name the consonant sound, determine whether it is voiced or voiceless; hard or soft.
  4. Write down how many letters and sounds there are in the word.

Brief explanation of the content and sequence of phonetic parsing operations

  1. Say the word and listen to yourself. To determine the number of syllables, you should pronounce the word while chanting, i.e. by syllables. To determine a stressed syllable, pronounce the word in its entirety, together.
  2. Write down the transcription of the word (make a phonetic notation).
  3. Characteristics of sounds is the naming of sounds in the order they appear in a word. This point is the actual sound analysis.
    You should draw out or use your voice to highlight the first sound as part of a word (and not the way this sound sounds separately, alone), then highlight the remaining sounds in the same way.
    After this, characterize the sound: is it a vowel - is it stressed or unstressed, is a consonant - is it voiced or unvoiced, does it have a voiced-dull pair, is it hard or soft, does it have a hard-soft pair.
  4. Count how many letters there are in a word and write it down; count how many sounds there are in a word and write it down. Establish their correspondence, i.e. whether the number of letters and sounds is the same or whether there are more or less letters (sounds). Explain the reason for the different number of letters and sounds.

When conducting phonetic analysis of a word, the following options are allowed:

1) in addition to the characteristics of sounds, you can indicate which letter indicates the analyzed sound on the letter;
2) the softness of sounds that do not have a hard-softness pair may not be indicated by the sign [❜].

Nightingale 1 they don't feed you fables

Sample of oral phonetic analysis

1-2. I say the word nightingale- [salav'y'a].
This word has three syllables - nightingale. Stressed syllable third. The emphasis falls on the sound [a]. The first and second syllables are unstressed.
Vowel sounds. In the first and second syllables, the sound [a], indicated by the letter o, is heard and pronounced indistinctly, because unstressed. In the third syllable, the sound [a], designated by the letter i, is heard and pronounced clearly, because shock.
Consonant sounds. The sounds [s] and [l] are heard and pronounced clearly, because are before vowels. The sound [v’] is heard and pronounced clearly. These sounds are designated by the letters es, el, ve. The sound [th’] is heard and pronounced clearly, because is located before the vowel sound and is separated from the previous sound by the separating sound ь.

3. Vowel sounds.


[a] - unstressed, indicated by the letter o;
[а́] - shock, indicated by the letter i.

Consonant sounds.

[s] - deaf double, hard double, designated by the letter es;
[l] - voiced unpaired, hard paired, designated by the letter el;
[v’] - voiced paired, soft paired, indicated by the letter ve;
[й'] - voiced unpaired, soft unpaired, indicated by the letters separating ь and я.

4. The word nightingale has 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number of letters and sounds is the same: b I has two sound meanings.

nightingale; so|lo|vya; 3 syllables.

s [s] - consonant, voiceless pair, hard pair;

o [a] - vowel, unstressed;

l [l] - consonant, voiced unpaired, hard paired;

o [a] - vowel, unstressed;

in [v’] - consonant, voiced pair, soft pair;

[th’] - consonant, voiced unpaired, soft unpaired;

i [a] - vowel, stressed.

7 letters, 7 sounds.

The number of letters and sounds is the same: b has no sound meaning; I has two sound meanings.

It will be on our street too holiday 1.

Sample of written phonetic analysis

holiday; holiday; 2 syllables.

p [p] - consonant, voiceless pair, hard pair;

p [p] - consonant, voiced unpaired, hard paired;

a [a] - vowel, stressed;

z [z’] - consonant, voiced pair, soft pair

n [n’] - consonant, voiced unpaired, soft paired;

and [and] - vowel, unstressed;

k [k] - consonant, voiceless pair, hard pair.

8 letters, 7 sounds

The number of letters and sounds does not match, because the letter d has no sound meaning.

Remember: The following letters cannot be included in the transcription: I, Yu, E, Yo, b, b!

Even in early childhood, when a child is just learning to read, he is faced with the problem when words are pronounced differently from how they are written. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a sound analysis with it. Why it is studied throughout the school curriculum will be discussed in our article.

Phonetics

Our speech is divided into two large types: oral and written. The first, naturally, appeared long before the second. After all, initially people learned to exchange information using gestures and simple sounds. Then this gradually grew into words that formed one language or another. But soon there was a need to record everything that was said. This is how it arose

In this article we will talk about the features of oral communication. This part of the language is studied by a complex science - phonetics. It deals with the sounds that make up our speech. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual characteristics. Their study is included in sound analysis.

Vowels

One of the most important parts of our spoken language is the presence of vowels. They are so named based on their main function - to transmit long-lasting sound with their voice. There are six of them in Russian: A, O, U, Y, I, E.

It must be remembered that the number of letters does not always coincide with the number of sounds. For example, the word “south” has 2 letters, but at the same time 3 sounds: “yuk”. A letter-sound analysis of a word should show what is different from the way we write.

Vowels make up syllables in words. It is by their number that they determine how many parts the word is divided into:

  • stick- there are 2 syllables because it has two vowels;
  • som - 1 syllable, since there is one vowel.

In addition, you need to know the features of letters such as e, ё, yu, ya. They, unlike all the others, can form two sounds - a vowel in combination with Y:

  • Yo (y+o);
  • E (y+e);
  • Yu (y+y);
  • I (y+a).

This phenomenon is observed in cases where the listed sounds are used:

  • after soft or hard signs ( pours, zealous);
  • after a vowel ( big, belt);
  • at the beginning of a word ( Yula, El).

Very often, when performing sound analysis (given below), children make mistakes precisely in parsing these vowels.

All the other characteristics that vowels have are quite simple. Especially those that are studied in the school curriculum. Only two signs are considered: stress or unstress.

Consonants

Before performing a sound analysis, you need to know the features and consonants. There are many more of them than vowels. The Russian language has thirty-seven of them.

Consonants have different characteristics:

  • Softness or hardness. Some sounds can be pronounced without softening: sea (m- solid). Others are the opposite: measure (m- soft).
  • Voicedness or deafness. When a sound is pronounced with vibration and voice, it is called voiced. You can put your palm on your larynx and feel it. If vibration is not felt, then it is deaf.
  • Pairing. Some consonants have their opposite. Usually in terms of sonority and deafness. For example: V(sound) - f(deaf) h(sound) - With(deaf).
  • Some consonants are pronounced as if “in the nose”. They received the corresponding characteristic - nasal.

How to perform

Now you can create an algorithm that performs sound analysis of a word. The scheme is simple:

  1. First, we divide the word into syllables.
  2. Next, we write the letters that make it up in a column.
  3. Now for each we select the appropriate sound.
  4. We characterize each of them according to the characteristics described above.
  5. We count the number of sounds and letters.
  6. If their numbers do not match, we explain why this phenomenon occurred.

Let's give an example. Let's take the word "ceiling":

  1. This word has three syllables: ceiling(3 vowels, therefore the corresponding number of syllables).
  2. The letter P has a sound<П>. It is consonant, pronounced without vibration at the larynx, and therefore dull. It is also hard and has a couple<Б>.
  3. The letter O has a sound<А>. It is vowel and has no accent.
  4. The letter T has a sound<Т>. It is a consonant and is pronounced unvoiced. It is not softened and therefore hard. In addition, it has a pair of sonorities<Д>.
  5. The letter O has a sound<А>. It is vowel and unstressed.
  6. The letter L stands for sound<Л>. It is consonant, has no softening - hard. Pronounced with vibration at the larynx - sonorous. This sound has no pair.
  7. The letter O has a sound<О>. It is a vowel and, in this case, stressed.
  8. The letter K stands for sound<К>. Consonant, pronounced like a voiceless consonant, has a voicing pair<Г>, solid.
  9. To summarize: in this word 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number is the same, no linguistic phenomena are observed.

Sound word analysis for preschoolers is much simplified.

Children need to learn that the pronunciation of a word and its spelling are very often different. When learning reading and writing skills, children gain their first understanding of the difference between spoken and written language. Thus, it is enough for the teacher to explain that some letters, like soft and hard signs, have no sounds at all. But there are no words starting with the letter Y in the Russian language.

Letter-sound analysis of the word “blizzard”

We already know how diverse the Russian language is. The sound analysis in the previous example is quite simple. You just need to correctly characterize each sound. But there are those in which a problematic situation arises. For example, the word “blizzard”. Let's execute it:

  1. Snowstorm- two vowels, which means 2 syllables ( snowstorm).
  2. The letter B has a sound<В’>. It is consonant, softened by “b”, paired - unvoiced<Ф’>, sonorous.
  3. The letter b has no sound. Its purpose is to demonstrate the softness of the previous sound.
  4. The letter Yu has two sounds<Й>And<У>, since it comes after b. Both need to be described. So,<Й>- this is a consonant that is always soft and voiced; it has no pair.<У>- vowel, has an accent.
  5. The letter G is a consonant and denotes a hard sound. Has a deaf pair<К>and is voiced.
  6. Letter<А>has the same sound<А>. It is vowel and unstressed.
  7. Let's summarize the analysis: 5 letters and 5 sounds. We observe a phenomenon called “iotated vowel”. In this case, the letter Yu, under the influence of b, split into two sounds.

Conclusion

Sound analysis is not difficult to perform if you know all the characteristics. You need to say the word out loud. This will help you record all sounds correctly. Afterwards, characterize them and summarize the phonetic analysis. And then success in this matter is guaranteed to you!

Dear parents, at the stage of learning to read and write, children learn to create a sound pattern or, in other words, a model of a word. Help your child figure out how to create a sound model of a word.

I will give examples of sound schemes according to the “School of Russia” program. There, the symbols for different sounds differ in color.

So, let's refresh your memory of the phonetics knowledge you received at school.

There are six vowel sounds in the Russian language - [a], [o], [u], [s], [e], [i]

Consonants form pairs according to hardness-softness, and according to deafness-voicedness.

There are unpaired consonants.

The soft sign and the hard sign do not indicate sounds.

The letters Ya, Yo, Yu, E denote two sounds if they appear at the beginning of a word or after a vowel sound, and they denote one sound if they appear after a consonant.

In the table we see a letter and under it the sound or sounds that are denoted by this letter.

For example, the letter B denotes two sounds [b], [b"]. The letter Z stands for one sound [z].

Let's look at the compilation of a sound model of the word LETTER.

We divide the word into syllables: PI-SMO (you can see how to divide a word into syllables here http://site/?p=1742)

The first syllable is PI. This is a merger. The vowel sound [and] denotes the softness of the consonant. The first sound [p"] is a soft consonant, the second sound [i] is a vowel.

The second syllable is SMO. The first sound [s"] is a soft consonant. Next comes the merger - MO. The vowel sound [o] indicates the hardness of the consonant. The sound [m] is a hard consonant. The sound [o] is a vowel. We put emphasis.

The result is the following diagram:

The guys and I then do a transcription (as we hear the word).

And then we write down the word: letter.

The vowel sounds that are in the top row of the tablet - a, o, u, y, e - indicate the hardness of the consonant sound.

The vowel letters i, e, e, yu come after a soft consonant, the sound [i] also denotes the softness of the consonant.

But it is necessary to remember that there are consonants that are always hard. They are indicated in the table only in blue: [f], [w], [c]. There are consonants that are always soft, they are indicated only in green: [ch"], [sch"], [th"].

Be careful when parsing words with iotized vowels.

Here is an example of parsing the word APPLE.

At the beginning of a word, iotated vowels indicate two sounds.

I hope that the article helped you understand a little about creating the sound diagram of a word.

In other programs there are simply different sound designations. There may not be squares, but circles. Hardness-softness is indicated differently. But you can figure it out by substituting the necessary notations.

You can also see materials on creating a sound scheme

If your child loves coloring books, visit the website IF RASKASKI.NET. Here you will find free coloring pages for girls and boys. Large coloring pages online for free, coloring pages from fairy tales and cartoons.