For the fence
Population of the city of Kanibadam. Map of Kanibadam from satellite - streets and houses online

Population of the city of Kanibadam. Map of Kanibadam from satellite - streets and houses online

Trip to Kanibodam.

“Kand, due to the abundance of almonds, became known as Konibodom (“city rich in almonds”). The almonds here are very tasty and have a fragile shell, you can break the shell with your fingers.”

Arab historian and poet Yakuti Khomavi. The book "Mujam-ul-buldon".

The city of Kanibadam was first mentioned in historical documents of the 15th century (1463); according to some sources, it existed back in the 8th – 10th centuries. Archaeological excavations carried out in the area of Kanibadam show that cultural settlements in the area of this city existed in the second millennium BC.
Historical documents and reliable scientific sources note that Kanibodam is one of the oldest cities Central Asia. One of the branches of the Great silk road 3,700 years ago it passed along Kanibadam and through the cities of Khojent, Istaravshan, Samarkand and Bukhara reached the city of Marv.
In recent scientific studies, which are based on the study of the immortal poem “Shahname” by Abulqasim Ferdowsi, there are versions that Kanibadam 3 thousand years ago was called Kanobad, and the war between the Iranians and Turanians took place in the area from Kanobad to Rayobad (present-day Rawat).
Kanibadam was in the past a very developed and prosperous city in Central Asia, known as Kand. The original document where Kanibadam is mentioned as Kand is a letter from Ambassador Fatuvarna, which was written approximately 712 - 713 and was addressed to the ruler of the city of Sogd, Divashtak, when Transoxiana was attacked by Qutayba ibn Muslim, the commander-in-chief of the Arab army.
From this document we can conclude that Kanibodam existed before the Arab attack. Great traveler and the 9th century geography expert al-Istakhri, in his work “Al-Molik wa-l-masolik,” mentions the city of Kand and claims that it belonged to the Sogdian region.
Later (at the end of the 19th century), the famous Arab historian and famous geographer Maqaddasi (944 - 990), who traveled through Khorasan and Transoxiana, in his work “Ahsan-ul-takosim fi marifat al-akolim” gives information about the city Kande mentions that a stream ran through the center of this city.
Brief information about Kanda are given in the book of geography of the great vizier of the Samanids - Jaikhoni. The author, characterizing the city of Khojent, says that there is no city equal to Khojent except Kanda. Based on Jaikhoni’s statement, it is clear that Kand belonged to the Khojent region and developed as an independent city already in the 10th century.
Since ancient times, Kanibadam has been famous for its almonds all over the world. The glory of this city's almonds is mentioned in the poetic heritage of Hakim Suzania of Samarkandi (date of death: 1179) and in the poems of the 12th century Kanibadam poet Sheikh Bobo Tabibi Fargoni.
The Arab historian and poet Yakuti Khomavi (died 1229) in his book “Mujam-ul-buldon” writes: “Kand, due to the abundance of almonds, became known as Konibodom (“city rich in almonds”). The almonds here are very tasty and have a fragile shell, you can break the shell with your fingers.”
Exactly the same information about Kanibadam is given in the “Boburnama” of the poet and statesman of the 16th century Zuhuriddin Muhammad Bobur. It follows that ancient Kand, starting from the 12th-13th centuries, received the name Konibodom, and under this name it is known to this day.
Russian scientist V. Nalivkin in his book “ Short story Kokand Khanate" claims that on the right bank of the Syr Darya River there was a village of Khojayagon. The scientist came to the conclusion that the previous location of the city of Kanibadam was exactly on the site of this village.
According to his written instructions, the Khojayagon village existed 6 thousand years ago and subsequently became a victim of fire. Russian archaeologist A.M. Kostania, having examined the location of the Khojayagon village, argued that once upon a time there was a settlement here.
Several years ago, in the south of the Rabot village, two marble ram heads and a bronze dagger were found, which dated back to the 3rd-4th centuries BC. Currently, these priceless archival finds of sculptural art are kept in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.
Recently, during the reconstruction of one of the old houses in the Sarikui village of the Pulatan jamoat, a jug was found, which, according to archaeologists, has a 2- or 3-thousand-year history.
Kanibadam's past is marked by dramatic political stories. The city was attacked many times by foreign invaders, who plundered and ravaged the city.
On the other hand, Kanibadam was the gateway to the Fergana Valley, and this became the reason for the transformation of the city into a battle arena for local khans and emirs. Beautiful buildings became victims of fires, and innocent city residents became victims of bloodshed.
These bloody events are imprinted in the memory of the people of Kanibadam; their tales and legends find their echo in the names of many places. One of the bloody pages of history is the attack of the Bukhara Emir Nasrullo on the possession of the Kokand Khan Madalihan in 1842.
Fierce fighting took place in Kanibadam and caused the death of many people. The atrocities of Emir Nasrullo’s troops in Kanibadam are evidenced by the book “Muntakhab-ul-taborik” by Khoja Khakimkhon (1843), where he writes: “...Emir Nasrullo captured Kanibadam, took 5 thousand people prisoner.
Soldiers of Emir Nasrullo were forcibly taken away on horseback beautiful girls, on the streets, corpses lay in blood and mud with pierced chests. Because of this violence and terror, the earth shook, the rivers boiled, the mountains rumbled, the birds groaned as if the end of the world had come.”
Each time after such terrible bloody events, Kanibadam, thanks to the tireless work of hardworking residents, was restored, grew and developed again. In the second half of the 19th century royal Russia planned to conquer Central Asia and take possession of the riches of this fertile land, strengthen its political influence and prevent the influence of Western powers on this territory.
To this end, the tsarist troops moved to Central Asia and attacked Tashkent in 1864; the troops of the Kokand Khan rushed to the aid of the Tashkent people. But, despite this, Tashkent was captured by the Russians.
The Bukhara emir Muzaffar with an army of one hundred thousand stopped in the Kanibadam village of Mahram. People thought that the emir would unite with the Kokand Khan and liberate Tashkent.
But the emir took advantage of the fact that the Kokand khan was helpless, left without troops, and attacked Kokand. Many were killed, and some people were taken prisoner. Sadriddin Aini, in his essay “Duashar” (1940), dedicated to the construction of the Great Fergana Canal, recalling the bloody events of Mahram, writes: “When the imperial troops captured Tashkent; The armed people of Fergana returned to their region, Emir Muzaffar built a fortress from human heads in Mahram and returned to Bukhara...”
In 1866, imperial troops completely captured Tashkent.
And this capture decided the future fate of the Kokand Khanate. In 1867, the Turkestan Governor-General was founded, the center of which was Tashkent. A peace agreement was signed between the governor-general and the Kokand Khan Khudoyor, but Khudoyor was later removed from his post.
His son Nasriddinbek, who was the ruler of Andijan, became the Khan of Kokand. Nasriddinbek declared the Russians kafirs, infidels, and called on people to rebel against the infidels.
This uprising was led by Abdurakhman the coppersmith. The Kokand Khan in the village of Mahram gathered an army of 30,000 to repel the Russian attack on Kokand. But the Russians, under the leadership of General Kaufman, who had a larger army and better weapons than the locals, after many days of bloody clashes, captured the Mahram fortress and pushed Nasriddinbek’s army towards the river.
A lot of people were killed on both sides in this battle. Famous Russian artist V.V. Vereshchagin, who himself was directly involved in the capture of the fortress, painted a picture “The Battle of Mahram” and depicted the events of this battle.
After the conquest of several cities of Fergana by Russian troops, the Kokand Khan signed an agreement of surrender. According to this agreement, the Mahram fortress ceased to exist as a border fortress.
After the capture of Tashkent and the Fergana region, Central Asia was politically dependent on Russia. The Turkestan region became part of the Russian state. In 1876, instead of the Kokand Khanate, the Fergana region was formed.
The annexation of Central Asia to Russia influenced the political and social life of Kanibadam. After construction railway Between Samarkand and Fergana in 1899, political and economic ties began to develop.
Cotton, coal, dried fruits, leather were sent from Kanibadam along this route to the cities of Russia, and wheat and industrial goods were brought back. On a special assignment from the Russian state, a group of scientists was sent to Central Asia, including Kanibodam, to study natural resources.
Huge underground wealth, including oil and coal, was discovered in Kanibadam. The Shurab coal mine, an oil processing plant, and settlements for Russian emigrants were built.
In 1916, an oil refining plant was built near the village of Santo, and a cotton gin and oil plant was built in Kanibadam. The construction of the railway, the establishment of the first industrial enterprises, the establishment of coal and oil production, cooperation with Russian specialists caused the emergence of the working class in Kanibadam, which radically changed the socio-political, economic and cultural life people.
With the growth of enterprises and the development of industry, the city's population also began to grow. In 1917, Kanibadam had 30,000 inhabitants, and the village of Santo had more than 1,010 inhabitants.

(G) (I) Coordinates: 40°17′00″ n. w. / 70°25′00″ E. d.40.28333° N. w. 70.41667° east. d. / 40.28333; 70.41667 (G) (I) First mention Former names

Kandy Bodom

City with Official language Population Agglomeration

▲ 199,500

National composition

Tajiks, Uzbeks

Confessional composition Names of residents

Kanibadamian, Kanibadamka, Kanibadamites

Timezone Telephone code Postcode Vehicle code Official site

Show/hide cards

The origin of the name is associated with the word “bodom” - almond (Persian بادام ‎), “konibodom” - source of almonds, city of almonds.

Highway junction. 50.4 thousand inhabitants (2016). The city was first mentioned in historical documents of the 9th century; according to some sources, it existed back in the 8th-10th centuries. Archaeological excavations carried out in the Kanibadam area show that cultural settlements in the area of this city existed in the second millennium BC. e.

Population

The estimated population on January 1, 2016 is 50,400. What does city 7 do in the state.

Industry and manufacturing

Kanibadam has cotton processing plants and agricultural products processing plants, a spinning factory and an oil refinery. During Soviet times, an auto parts factory and an oil factory also operated. The city produces folk arts and crafts. Agriculture is also developed.

Cultural and historical sights

The city has a drama theatre, a museum, a technological college, 3 colleges, a pedagogical school, and a medical school.

2 madrasahs have survived: Mir-Rajab-Dodho(XVI century) and Oim(XVII century), mosques, mausoleum Langari-Bobo.

Famous people associated with the city

Bobo Tabibi Fargoni - medieval poet
Abdulatifhocha Kori Hisori - poet, writer, manuscript writer of the 19th century
Hafizkhon Makhsum - late 19th, early 20th centuries, grandson of Abdulatifhoch Koriya Khisori, headed the Khojarushnoi madrasah

Born in Kanibadam

Negmat Karabaev - the first hero Soviet Union from the Central Asian republics of the USSR 1940
Kamil Yarmatovich Yarmatov (-) - Soviet, Tajik and Uzbek actor, film director, screenwriter. People's Artist of the USSR (). Hero of Socialist Labor ().
Tufa Fazylovna Fazylova (1917-1985) - opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR (1957)
Lutfi Zakhidova (1925-1995) - ballerina, folk dance performer, People's Artist of the USSR (1957)
Abdulahad Kaharovich Kakharov - Soviet party and statesman, chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tajik SSR (1961-1973).
Murtazaev Kayum Murtazaevich (-) - state and party figure, secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee, 1st secretary of the Tashkent city committee and Bukhara regional party committee, Chairman of the State Labor Committee of the Uzbek SSR.
Poet Burkhon Farrukh

Write a review about the article "Kanibodam"

Notes

Links



Administrative center

ATD

Cities

This is a draft article on the geography of Tajikistan. You can help the project by adding to it.

Excerpt characterizing Kanibodom

“Attendez [Wait],” said Anna Pavlovna, thinking. – I’ll talk to Lise today (la femme du jeune Bolkonsky). [with Liza (the wife of young Bolkonsky).] And maybe this will work out. Ce sera dans votre famille, que je ferai mon apprentissage de vieille fille. [I will begin to learn the craft of a spinster in your family.]

Anna Pavlovna's living room began to gradually fill up. The highest nobility of St. Petersburg arrived, people of the most diverse ages and characters, but identical in the society in which they all lived; Prince Vasily's daughter, the beautiful Helen, arrived, picking up her father to go with him to the envoy's holiday. She was wearing a cipher and a ball gown. Also known as la femme la plus seduisante de Petersbourg [the most charming woman in St. Petersburg], the young, little princess Bolkonskaya, who got married last winter and now did not go out into the big world because of her pregnancy, but still went to small evenings, also arrived. Prince Hippolyte, the son of Prince Vasily, arrived with Mortemar, whom he introduced; Abbot Moriot and many others also arrived.
-Have you seen it yet? or: – you don’t know ma tante [my aunt]? - Anna Pavlovna said to the arriving guests and very seriously led them to a little old lady in high bows, who floated out from another room, as soon as the guests began to arrive, called them by name, slowly moving her eyes from the guest to ma tante [auntie], and then walked away.
All the guests performed the ritual of greeting an unknown, uninteresting and unnecessary aunt. Anna Pavlovna watched their greetings with sad, solemn sympathy, silently approving them. Ma tante spoke to everyone in the same terms about his health, about her health and about the health of Her Majesty, which was now, thank God, better. All those who approached, without showing haste out of decency, with a feeling of relief at the fulfillment of a difficult duty, walked away from the old woman, so as not to approach her once all evening.
The young Princess Bolkonskaya arrived with her work in an embroidered gold velvet bag. Her pretty upper lip, with a slightly blackened mustache, was short in teeth, but it opened even more sweetly and sometimes stretched even more sweetly and fell onto the lower one. As is always the case with quite attractive women, her flaw—short lips and half-open mouth—seemed special to her, her actual beauty. Everyone had fun looking at this pretty expectant mother, full of health and vivacity, bearing her situation so easily. It seemed to the old people and bored, gloomy young people who looked at her that they themselves became like her, having been and talked with her for a while. Whoever spoke to her and saw her bright smile and shiny white teeth, which were constantly visible, with every word, thought that he was especially kind today. And that's what everyone thought.
The little princess, waddled, walked around the table with small quick steps with her work bag on her arm and, cheerfully straightening her dress, sat down on the sofa, near the silver samovar, as if everything she did was part de plaisir [entertainment] for her and for everyone those around her.
“J"ai apporte mon ouvrage [I captured the work],” she said, unfolding her reticule and addressing everyone together.
“Look, Annette, ne me jouez pas un mauvais tour,” she turned to the hostess. – Vous m"avez ecrit, que c"etait une toute petite soiree; Voyez, comme je suis attifee. [Don't play a bad joke on me; you wrote to me that you were having a very short evening. You see how poorly I am dressed.]
And she spread her arms to show her lace-covered gray elegant dress, girded with a wide ribbon just below her breasts.
“Soyez tranquille, Lise, vous serez toujours la plus jolie [Be calm, you will be better than everyone else],” answered Anna Pavlovna.
“Vous savez, mon mari m"abandonne,” she continued in the same tone, addressing the general, “il va se faire tuer. Dites moi, pourquoi cette vilaine guerre, [You know, my husband is leaving me. He is going to his death. Tell me “Why this nasty war,” she said to Prince Vasily and, without waiting for an answer, turned to Prince Vasily’s daughter, the beautiful Helen.
– Quelle delicieuse personne, que cette petite princesse! [What a lovely person this little princess is!] - Prince Vasily said quietly to Anna Pavlovna.
Soon after the little princess, a massive, fat young man with a cropped head, glasses, light trousers in the fashion of that time, a high frill and a brown tailcoat entered. This fat young man was the illegitimate son of the famous Catherine’s nobleman, Count Bezukhy, who was now dying in Moscow. He had not served anywhere yet, he had just arrived from abroad, where he was brought up, and was for the first time in society. Anna Pavlovna greeted him with a bow that belonged to people of the lowest hierarchy in her salon. But, despite this inferior greeting, at the sight of Pierre entering, Anna Pavlovna’s face showed concern and fear, similar to that expressed at the sight of something too huge and unusual for the place. Although, indeed, Pierre was somewhat larger than the other men in the room, this fear could only relate to that intelligent and at the same time timid, observant and natural look that distinguished him from everyone in this living room.

On the page interactive map Kanibodam from satellite. More details at. Below are satellite images and real-time Google Maps search, photos of the city and Sughd region in Tajikistan, coordinates

Satellite map of Kanibadam - Tajikistan

We observe on the satellite map of Kanibadam exactly how buildings are located on the streets. Viewing a map of the area, routes and highways, squares and banks, stations and terminals, searching for an address.

Presented here in mode online map of the city of Kanibadam from a satellite contains images of buildings and photos of houses from space. You can find out where they are and how to get to the streets. Using the Google Maps search service, you will find the desired address in the city and its view from space. We recommend changing the scale of the diagram +/- and moving the center of the image in the desired direction.

Detailed satellite map Kanibodam (hybrid) and the area are provided by Google Maps.

Coordinates - 40.287,70.434

Tajikistan

Kanibadam(Taj. Konibodom) - city (since 1937) in. Located in the southwestern part of the Fergana Valley, on the Great Fergana Canal, passing along the southern outskirts of the city, 6 km from the Kanibadam railway station (old name Melnikovo). A river flows through the valley in which the city stands.

Story

The city of Kanibadam is one of the most ancient settlements in Central Asia. The name of the city in the form “Kand”, meaning a populated area, was first mentioned in the 8th century. The origin of the name is associated with the word “bodom” - almond (Persian بادام ‎), “konibodom” - source of almonds, city of almonds. Kand, due to its geographical location, had all the conditions for compact living of people in ancient times. Archaeological excavations carried out in the Kanibadam area show that cultural settlements in the area of this city existed in the second millennium BC. e.. In the latest scientific research, which is based on the study of the immortal poem “Shahname” by Abulqasim Ferdowsi, there are versions that Kanibadam 3 thousand years ago was called Kanobad, and the war between the Iranians and Turanians took place in the area from Kanobad to Rayobad (present-day Rawat ). His natural conditions, namely its location in the lower reaches of the Isfarasay River, contributed to the emergence and development of agriculture, an increase in the population, as well as the emergence and development of various branches of craft.

Kanibadam was in the past a very developed and prosperous city in Central Asia, known as Kand. The original document where Kanibadam is mentioned as Kand is a letter from Ambassador Fatuvarna, which was written around 712–713 and was addressed to the ruler of the city of Sogd, Divashtak, when Transoxiana was attacked by Qutayba ibn Muslim, the commander-in-chief of the Arab army. From this document we can conclude that Kanibodam existed before the Arab attack. The great traveler and expert on geography of the 9th century, al-Istakhri, in his work “Al-Molik wa-l-masolik” mentions the city of Kand and claims that it belonged to the Sogdian region. Later (at the end of the 9th century), the famous Arab historian and famous geographer Maqaddasi (944-990), who traveled through Khorasan and Transoxiana, in his work “Ahsan-ul-takosim fi marifat al-akolim” gives information about the city of Kanda and mentions that there was a stream running through the center of this city. Brief information about Kanda is given in the book of geography of the great vizier of the Samanids - Jaikhoni. The author, characterizing the city of Khojent, says that there is no city equal to Khojent except Kanda. Based on Jaikhoni’s statement, it is clear that Kand belonged to the Khojent region and developed as an independent city already in the 10th century.

Since ancient times, Kanibadam has been famous for its almonds all over the world. The glory of this city's almonds is mentioned in the poetic heritage of Hakim Suzania of Samarkandi (date of death: 1179) and in the poems of the 12th century Kanibadam poet Sheikh Bobo Tabibi Fargoni. The Arab historian and poet Yakuti Khomavi (died 1229) in his book “Mujam-ul-buldon” writes: “Kand, due to the abundance of almonds, became known as Konibodom (“city rich in almonds”). The almonds here are very tasty and have a fragile shell, you can break the shell with your fingers.” Exactly the same information about Kanibadam is given in the “Boburnama” of the poet and statesman of the 16th century Zuhuriddin Muhammad Bobur. It follows that ancient Kand, starting from the 12th-13th centuries, received the name Konibodom, and under this name it is known to this day.

Population

The estimated population on January 1, 2018 is 51,600, making the city the seventh most populous in the state.

Industry and manufacturing

Cultural and historical sights

The city has a drama theatre, a museum, a technological college, 3 colleges, a pedagogical school, and a medical school.

2 madrasahs have survived: Mir-Rajab-Dodho(XVI century) and Oim(XVII century), Manora Khojai Rushnoi(XIX century), mosques, mausoleum Langari-Bobo.

Famous people associated with the city

Bobo Tabibi Fargoni - medieval poet
Abdulatifhocha Kori Hisori- poet, writer, manuscript writer of the 19th century
Hafizkhon Makhsum - late 19th, early 20th centuries, grandson of Abdulatifhoch Koriya Khisori, headed the Khojarushnoi madrasah

Born in Kanibadam

Negmat Karabaev - the first hero of the Soviet Union from the Central Asian republics of the USSR in 1940.
Kamil Yarmatovich Yarmatov (1903-1978) - Soviet, Tajik and Uzbek actor, film director, screenwriter. People's Artist of the USSR (1959). Hero of Socialist Labor (1973).
Tufa Fazylovna Fazylova (1917-1985) - opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR (1957)
Lutfi Zakhidova (1925-1995) - ballerina, folk dance performer, People's Artist of the USSR (1957)
Abdulahad Kaharovich Kakharov - Soviet party and statesman, chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tajik SSR (1961-1973).
Murtazaev Kayum Murtazaevich (1926-1982) - state and party figure, secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee, 1st secretary of the Tashkent city committee and Bukhara regional party committee, Chairman of the State Labor Committee of the Uzbek SSR.
Poet Burkhon Farrukh
Poet Ali Bobojon

Notes

Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of January 1, 2016. Message from the Agency for Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Archived copy from August 10, 2017 on the Wayback Machine
Akmal Mannonov. How Kanibadam joined Tajikistan // Asia-plus 04/14/2015 11:59

Literature

Kanibadam // Candidate - Kinescope. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1953. - P. 7. - (Big Soviet encyclopedia: [in 51 volumes] / Ch. ed. B. A. Vvedensky; 1949-1958, vol. 20).

HISTORICAL documents and reliable scientific sources note that Kanibodam is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia. One of the branches of the Great Silk Road 3,700 years ago passed through Kanibadam and through the cities of Khojent, Istaravshan, Samarkand and Bukhara reached the city of Marv. In recent scientific studies, which are based on the study of the immortal poem “Shahname” by Abulqasim Ferdowsi, there are versions that Kanibadam 3 thousand years ago was called Kanobad, and the war between the Iranians and Turanians took place in the area from Kanobad to Rayobad (present-day Rawat).

Kanibadam was in the past a very developed and prosperous city in Central Asia, known as Kand. The original document where Kanibadam is mentioned as Kand is a letter from Ambassador Fatuvarna, which was written around 712–713 and was addressed to the ruler of the city of Sogd, Divashtak, when Transoxiana was attacked by Qutayba ibn Muslim, the commander-in-chief of the Arab army. From this document we can conclude that Kanibodam existed before the Arab attack. The great traveler and expert on geography of the 9th century, al-Istakhri, in his work “Al-Molik wa-l-masolik” mentions the city of Kand and claims that it belonged to the Sogdian region. Later (at the end of the 19th century), the famous Arab historian and famous geographer Maqaddasi (944-990), who traveled through Khorasan and Transoxiana, in his work “Ahsan-ul-takosim fi marifat al-akolim” gives information about the city of Kanda and mentions that there was a stream running through the center of this city. Brief information about Kanda is given in the book of geography of the great vizier of the Samanids - Jaikhoni. The author, characterizing the city of Khojent, says that there is no city equal to Khojent except Kanda. Based on Jaikhoni’s statement, it is clear that Kand belonged to the Khojent region and developed as an independent city already in the 10th century.

Russian scientist V. Nalivkin in his book “A Brief History of the Kokand Khanate” claims that on the right bank of the Syrdarya River there was a village of Khojayagon. The scientist came to the conclusion that the previous location of the city of Kanibadam was exactly on the site of this village. According to his written instructions, the Khojayagon village existed 6 thousand years ago and subsequently became a victim of fire. Russian archaeologist A.M. Kostania, having examined the location of the Khojayagon village, argued that once upon a time there was a settlement here. Several years ago, in the south of the Rabot village, two marble ram heads and a bronze dagger were found, which dated back to the 3rd-4th centuries BC.

Currently, these priceless archival finds of sculptural art are kept in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. Recently, during the reconstruction of one of the old houses in the Sarikui village of the Pulatan jamoat, a jug was found, which, according to archaeologists, has a 2- or 3-thousand-year history.

Kanibadam's past is marked by dramatic political stories. The city was attacked many times by foreign invaders, who plundered and ravaged the city.

On the other hand, Kanibadam was the gateway to the Fergana Valley, and this became the reason for the transformation of the city into a battle arena for local khans and emirs. Beautiful buildings became victims of fires, and innocent residents of the city became victims of bloodshed. These bloody events are imprinted in the memory of the people of Kanibadam; their tales and legends find their echo in the names of many places.

One of the bloody pages of history is the attack of the Bukhara Emir Nasrullo on the possession of the Kokand Khan Madalihan in 1842. Fierce fighting took place in Kanibadam and caused the death of many people. The atrocities of Emir Nasrullo’s troops in Kanibadam are evidenced by the book “Muntahab-ul-taborik” by Khoja Khakimkhon (1843), where he writes: “...Emir Nasrullo captured Kanibadam, took 5 thousand people prisoner. The soldiers of Emir Nasrullo forcibly took away beautiful girls on horses; on the streets, corpses lay in blood and dirt with pierced chests. Because of this violence and terror, the earth shook, the rivers boiled, the mountains rumbled, the birds groaned as if the end of the world had come.”

Each time after such terrible bloody events, Kanibadam, thanks to the tireless work of hardworking residents, was restored, grew and developed again.

In the second half of the 19th century, Tsarist Russia planned to conquer Central Asia and take possession of the riches of this fertile land, strengthen its political influence and prevent the influence of Western powers on this territory. To this end, the tsarist troops moved to Central Asia and attacked Tashkent in 1864; the troops of the Kokand Khan rushed to the aid of the Tashkent people. But, despite this, Tashkent was captured by the Russians.

The Bukhara emir Muzaffar with an army of one hundred thousand stopped in the Kanibadam village of Mahram. People thought that the emir would unite with the Kokand Khan and liberate Tashkent. But the emir took advantage of the fact that the Kokand khan was helpless, left without troops, and attacked Kokand. Many were killed, and some people were taken prisoner.

Sadriddin Aini, in his essay “Duashar” (1940), dedicated to the construction of the Great Fergana Canal, recalling the bloody events of Mahram, writes: “When the imperial troops captured Tashkent; the armed people of Fergana returned to their region, Emir Muzaffar built a fortress from human heads in Mahram and returned to Bukhara ... "

In 1866, imperial troops completely captured Tashkent. And this capture decided the future fate of the Kokand Khanate. In 1867, the Turkestan Governor-General was founded, the center of which was Tashkent. A peace agreement was signed between the governor-general and the Kokand Khan Khudoyor, but Khudoyor was later removed from his post. His son Nasriddinbek, who was the ruler of Andijan, became the Khan of Kokand. Nasriddinbek declared the Russians kafirs, infidels, and called on people to rebel against the infidels. This uprising was led by Abdurakhman the coppersmith.

The Kokand Khan in the village of Mahram gathered an army of 30,000 in order to repel the Russian attack on Kokand. But the Russians, under the leadership of General Kaufman, who had a larger army and better weapons than the locals, after many days of bloody clashes, captured the Mahram fortress and pushed Nasriddinbek’s army towards the river. A lot of people were killed on both sides in this battle. Famous Russian artist V.V. Vereshchagin, who himself was directly involved in the capture of the fortress, painted a picture “The Battle of Mahram” and depicted the events of this battle.

After the conquest of several cities of Fergana by Russian troops, the Kokand Khan signed an agreement of surrender. According to this agreement, the Mahram fortress ceased to exist as a border fortress.

After the capture of Tashkent and the Fergana region, Central Asia was politically dependent on Russia. The Turkestan region became part of the Russian state. In 1876, instead of the Kokand Khanate, the Fergana region was formed.

The annexation of Central Asia to Russia influenced the political and social life of Kanibadam. After the construction of the railway between Samarkand and Fergana in 1899, political and economic ties began to develop. Cotton, coal, dried fruits, leather were sent from Kanibadam along this route to the cities of Russia, and wheat and industrial goods were brought back.

On a special assignment from the Russian state, a group of scientists was sent to Central Asia, including Kanibodam, to study natural resources. Huge underground wealth, including oil and coal, was discovered in Kanibadam. The Shurab coal mine, an oil processing plant, and settlements for Russian emigrants were built.

In 1916, an oil refining plant was built near the village of SANTO, and a cotton gin and oil plant was built in Kanibadam. The construction of the railway, the establishment of the first industrial enterprises, the establishment of coal and oil production, and cooperation with Russian specialists caused the emergence of the working class in Kanibadam, which radically changed the socio-political, economic and cultural life of the people. With the growth of enterprises and the development of industry, the city's population also began to grow. In 1917, there were 30 thousand inhabitants in Kanibadam, and more than 1010 inhabitants in the village of SANTO.

…Victory bourgeois revolution in February 1917 in Russia influenced not only the socio-political life of Russia, but also changed the life of the peoples of Central Asia. Workers of the SANTO coal mine in Kanibadam organized the Council of Workers and Soldiers. This Council defended the interests of workers and established workers' control over production.

The order of the Russian emperor to recruit the local population into Russian battalions for logistical work caused discontent among the peoples of Central Asia. Despite this, hundreds of people from poor families were mobilized for rear work in Russia.

When it happened in Russia October Revolution, “Kokand Autonomy” was formed in Kokand, whose leaders called on the people to fight against the revolutionary government. Supporters of Kokand autonomy temporarily surrounded the Red Army garrison. The temporary autonomous “government” of Kokand did not last long. In a very short period of time, revolutionary forces overthrew this government.

The victory of the October Revolution in the Khujand district and in Kanibadam intensified later in May and June 1918. On May 5, 1919, a conference of the Communist Party was held in Kanibadam, and the organization of a district party committee was announced. The presidium of the party included Ismoil Valiev, the first secretary of the committee, Karimjon Huseinzoda, Khomidzhon Muminov, Ashurboy Boboev, members of the bureau. The actions of the new government and the party committee were aimed at opening schools, health centers, and creating branches of the executive committee.

Despite the fact that the “Autonomous Kokand Government” was destroyed by the Red Army, anti-revolutionary forces were able to unite 70 thousand people against Soviet power and thereby laid the foundation for the Basmachi and anti-revolutionary movement in the Fergana region. This movement was led by the royal general Ribako and Colonel Laurent from the English mission under the nickname Mavlawi.

The party conference of the Fergana region in 1920 decided to organize revolutionary committees (revolutionary committees), self-defense units of policemen in districts and districts to prevent attacks by counter-revolutionaries.

On November 30, 1921, a detachment of Kurbashi Islom, numbering 1,000 people, attacked the village of Yaipan in Uzbekistan and Kanibadam, captured the main roads, the garrison of the self-defense detachment, the police building, the hukumat of the party committee, grain warehouses, oil and coal deposits.

As a result of this attack, 36 party members, police officers, and members of the self-defense unit were killed. Among those killed were the first secretary of the city party committee Elberg, police chief Karakaftanov, member of the party bureau of the regional committee Kuzmin, communist Okhunzhon, Komsomol member Jura Giyasov, member of the party bureau of the city committee of Rakhimpechon, teacher of the village of Niyazbek Hafiz Jalol and others.

This attack by the Basmachi was not the first and not the last time. Basmachi gangs also carried out rampages in the vicinity of the Kanibadam district, robbing and killing civilians.

In 1924-25, with the support of the 6th regiment, the city's self-defense detachment repelled a group of Basmachi.

During these years, a terrible famine began in the city. The appeal of the revolutionary committee of Kanibadam on November 3, 1925 stated that the famine was a temporary phenomenon and that in a matter of days the peasants would receive a sufficient amount of grain. In the same year, 1,500 pounds of grain were allocated for the hungry.

After the victory of the Great October Revolution, Kanibadam was part of the Kokand district of the Fergana region. The funds allocated by the region for institutions and departments of public education did not arrive on time. To obtain one document, residents had to visit the center of the region several times.

As a result of the national-territorial division of 1924, Kanibadam remained part of the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which caused discontent among the population. At the beginning of February 1925, the V regional party conference was held in Fergana. Delegates from Kanibadam also took part in the conference, as well as the chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR M.I. Kalinin and the leaders of the government of Uzbekistan. Greeting high-ranking leaders who arrived from Fergana on February 8, 1925 with slogans and banners at the Melnikovo railway station, representatives of the population of Kanibadam asked to organize an autonomous region of Kanibadam. The leaders promised that the residents’ request to organize an independent Kanibadam district would soon be resolved.

The meeting of the guests was well organized, but the district leaders were punished for organizing the “performance.” In June 1925, a party commission arrived in Kanibadam from Samarkand. The chairman of the Kanibadam party committee, Azam Nodirov, and the chairman of the executive committee, Makhmudzhon, and the chairman of the revolutionary committee, Ashurmuhamadov, were removed from their positions, but the people’s demand for the organization of the Kanibadam district was fulfilled.

The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan issued a decree on April 15, 1925, which states: “It is recognized as necessary to separate the Kanibadam district, populated predominantly by Tajiks, into an independent unit, with its subordination directly to the regional center” (Central State Administration of the Tajik SSR, f. 9, op. 1 , d. 194, l. 286).

Thus, according to the resolution of the regional executive committee of Fergana dated May 14, 1925, the Kanibadam district as an independent district was separated from the Kokand district and became subordinate to the Fergana region.

In response to this resolution, the leadership of Kanibadam, on behalf of the workers of the city and region, sent a telegram to the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan with the following content: “Tajiks express gratitude to the people’s committee and the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan for respecting the rights of the nation.”

The order of the Executive Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the resolution of the executive committee of the Fergana region played an important role in socio-economic and cultural development.

Before the national-territorial division of Central Asia, the Makhram and Isfara volosts did not belong to Kanibadam. After this order of the Executive Committee of Uzbekistan, they were annexed to the Kanibadam district. Thus, from three volosts in 1925, an independent district of Kanibadam with a Tajik population was formed as part of the Fergana region.

In honor of the organization of the independent district of Kanibadam, by decision of the district executive committee, three-day mass celebrations were announced.

Before the organization of the independent Kanibadam district, all schools in the district conducted educational work in the Uzbek language, despite the fact that the students’ native language was Tajik. The Executive Committee of Kanibadam, by decision of May 7, 1925 No. 14, decided to conduct office work in institutions and study in educational institutions in the Tajik language.

The decision noted the following:

1. Keep incoming journals at enterprises in Tajik. The population writes statements in their native language, decisions higher authorities are brought to the attention of residents only in their native Tajik language.

2. Whoever does not obey this order will be subject to administrative liability on the basis of Law No. 107.

3. Only in the jamoats of Kushkak, Niyazbek and Khamirdzhuy, whose population is mainly Uzbeks, conduct business in the Uzbek language.

This decision was signed on 05/07/1925 by the chairman of the executive committee Ashurmukhammadzoda and the secretary Bobokalonov.

By decision of the executive committee of May 14, 1925 No. 42, the city of Kanibadam was declared the center of administration of the district.

On May 28, 1925, by decision of the executive committee of the Fergana region, the territory of the Kanibadam district was determined, which included the Chorkukh volost with two kishlak councils, the Isfara volost with four kishlak councils and the Mahram volost with two kishlak councils.

According to the decision, the staff of the executive committee and its departments was 71 people, including 20 employees of the executive committee. The decision recommended; so that comrades Pogodin and Nikiforov consider the issue of the rights of the executive committee of Kanibadam in connection with equating it with a district.

After the founding of the independent Kanibadam district, socio-economic and cultural life developed at a high pace. Oil production in SANTO and Shurab coal was being improved. SANTO oil was sent by rail to Russian cities.

In 1925, construction of a cannery began in the city center. Machines of domestic and foreign production were brought and installed with the help of the American engineer Muligon Frank. This enterprise was put into operation ahead of schedule on August 25, 1929, and seven craft artels were opened in the city, employing 533 people.

In order to plan the construction of a new plant, on January 30, 1930, on instructions from the government of Tajikistan, Professor Smirnitsky and a specialist from the USSR Conservtrest Dvorkin were sent to Kanibodam. In 1931, the construction of the Kanibadam - Isfara railway began, in 1932 it was put into operation, the construction of the road was continued, and it was laid to the town of Shurab. In 1933, the construction of the railway to Shurab was completed.

In 1935, construction of a cotton gin plant began in Kanibadam, and in 1938, a spinning factory. They were completed on time, in 1939. Construction of a car repair plant (“Avtozavod”) began. In the pre-war years, they began to prepare drawings for the construction of the Kanibadam creamery...

...According to historical sources, Kanibadam was part of the Khujand region during the Middle Ages. Since 1866, the Kanibadam volost was part of the Kokand Khanate. After the destruction of this khanate, Kanibadam joined the Isfara district, by order of the Turkestan Governor-General dated March 12, 1881. No. 83 Kanibadam volost again became part of Kokand.

After the annexation of Central Asia to Russia, the territory of Central Asia (except for the Bukhara and Kokand khanates) was divided into counties. The district, in turn, is divided into volosts, and the volosts are divided into jamoats. The General Government of Turkestan included 5 regions, 27 districts and 603 volosts.

The territory of Kokand district was divided into several parts, which were controlled by bailiffs. This administrative structure in Turkestan lasted until the Great October Socialist Revolution. In Kanibadam, the local police officer supervised the work of the volosts and jamoats.

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, the central part of Kanibadam was divided into jamoats Pulodon, Sarikuy, Kuyigoziyon and Firuzoba. Each part of the city was ruled by an elder - amin. There were 60 settlements in the city, the elders were called “elikboshi” (heads of 50 houses).

February 6, 1921 Kanibadam consisted of 6 volosts. By the decision of the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan dated April 15, 1925. On the territory of three volosts: Mahram, Kanibadam and Isfara, an independent Tajik region was founded - Kanibadam - as part of Uzbekistan. Two years later, the Isfara district separated as an independent district.

February 14, 1927 after lengthy negotiations between representatives of the Kanibadam region and the leaders of the Fergana region, the Kanibadam region left the Fergana region and became part of the Khojent district.

In October 1929 The Autonomous Republic of Tajikistan entered the USSR as an independent republic.

By the decision of the Central Executive Committee of the Tajik SSR of October 14, 1930. The center of the Kanibadam district became part of an independent administrative-territorial city. Part of the city center was divided into 18 blocks, and the city also included 15 jamoats.

By decision of the Central Executive Committee of the Taj. SSR dated March 11, 1935 the city of Kanibadam again turned into the Kanibadam district. With the development of industry and culture, the decision of the Central Executive Committee of the TSSR dated August 11, 1937. the center of the district became a city and was governed by the district executive committee.

After three land and water reforms, peasants in Kanibadam had a certain amount of land, but before the start of collectivization of the national economy, part of the land was in the hands of the previous owners. The peasants leased part of the land from the state and in return leased cotton under a contract.

As a result of such relations, the development of individual farms was difficult. In 1927 For the experiment in Cheki Berdikul in the village of Shahidkarayantok Karakchikum, TOZs were organized, which became the foundation for the organization of collective farms. They had little land. In the village of Pulodon, 15 peasants founded the Podvoisky artel.

In 1930 Instead of artels, collective farms were organized. In 1932, the number of collective farms was already 43.

It should be noted that during the collectivization of the national economy in Kanibadam, without reason, for various fictitious reasons, middle peasants and even the poor were included in the list of kulaks. Only in 1931–32. from the region, 260 peasant farms were included in the list of kulaks and exiled to the Caucasus.

Several of our fellow countrymen, fearing political reprisals, emigrated to Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and other countries. In addition, according to the Decree of the People's Commissariat of Tajikistan dated November 16, 1932. over 100 farms were resettled in the Vakhsh valley.

Despite economic difficulties, in 1931. new collective farms handed over 162 tons of cotton to the state. MTS, which were organized in Kanibadam in 1930, played a big role in the organization of collective farms. and provided collective farms with equipment.

During these years, cotton growing, gardening and vegetable gardening developed in the area. The yield of cotton and grain increased from year to year. Thanks to the construction in 1939. The Great Fergana Canal, 270 km long, which was dug by folk hashar in 45 days, hundreds of hectares of rainfed land were developed. During the years of construction of the Kairakkum hydroelectric station and the Tajik Sea (“Bahri Tojik”), most of the fertile lands of Mahram and Karakchikum remained under water. Residents moved to the left bank of the sea and built houses and farms. Thanks to the work of water pumping stations, 3,139 hectares of rainfed land were irrigated in Karakchikum and Mahram alone. With the help of Soviet power, collective farms were transformed into advanced and rich farms.

In the early 50s of the last century, the unification of collective farms began. 44 small collective farms were united into 6 large collective farms, which enabled the collective farms to become powerful and contributed to the provision of equipment. In 1988, the district managed to achieve excellent cotton production indicators. Having delivered 30,277 tons of cotton to the state this year, the district fulfilled the plan by 114.9%, the yield reached 29.9 centners per hectare.

As a result of political and economic changes in the 90s of the last century, collective farms were organized joint stock companies and peasant farms.

Currently, 123 water pumps are used in Kanibadam, which supply households with water from the Syrdarya, the Great Fergana Canal and the Isfara River.

June 22, 1941 Nazi Germany treacherously attacked the Soviet Union. To protect the country in the very first days of the war, at the call of the State Defense Committee, under the slogan “Everything for the front, everything for victory,” militias of people from the fraternal republics were created.

On the battlefield, along with other brothers, there were Kanibadamites, whose courage and bravery wrote their names in history. The first to voluntarily go into battle were communists, party and government workers. Among them are the second secretary of the city party committee Abdullo Maksudov, the head and employees of the agitation and propaganda department Akbar Makhkamov, Nabi Fakhri, Samidzhonov, S. Goibnazarov, the chairman of the city executive committee of the Jura district Ergashev and hundreds of other volunteers. And the rear turned into a field of labor exploits and became a support Soviet army. In the shortest possible time, all industrial enterprises of the city, collective farms and state farms of the region switched to martial law, and some enterprises were converted to produce military products.

An automobile repair plant, a cannery, and a spinning and sewing artel produced military products for front-line soldiers. At the canning plant, meat and milk canning workshops were opened, which supplied the front with food. The sewing artel produced blankets, shoes and felt boots for front-line soldiers. The city's industrial output mainly went to the front.

In these difficult days, having mastered a male profession, women sat behind the wheel of cars and tractors, taking the places of male front-line soldiers. The tenacity and dedication of women in the rear ensured the organization of advanced front-line brigades. Azimova, Samadova, Parpieva from the Kommunist collective farm, Akhmedova, Khairi Abdulloeva from the Madaniyat collective farm, Jonon Urunova from the Udarnik collective farm, Enajon Boymatova, Adolat Isoeva from the Chapaev collective farm and others joined the Stakhanovites. Activists from the area organized hectares of defense and defense funds. During the year and a half of the war, Kanibadam residents contributed 143,531 rubles to the defense fund and bought government loan bonds for 181,145 rubles. They sent to the front 3,500 centners of grain, 6,500 centners of fruit, 8,000 tons of dried fruit, 90 heads of cattle, 586 pairs of felt boots, 22 sheepskin coats and much more. On the initiative of the city's youth, fundraising for the construction of a tank column continued. The youth collected 106,187 rubles for construction and bought government bonds for 22,000 rubles.

Voluntary assistance to the front testified to the high patriotism of the working people of the region.

From the first days of the war, courageous front-line soldiers showed resilience and accomplished unprecedented feats. Among the fighters who defended the borders of the USSR was our fellow countryman, machine gunner Akbar Makhmudov. He showed courage and steadfastness in defending the Brest Fortress. Although he died from an enemy bullet, his courage and heroism made his name famous in the country.

A native of Mahram, junior lieutenant Ergash Sharipov destroyed 30 in the city of Uter Brod, Czechoslovakia German soldiers and 6 self-propelled guns. Was injured. Despite this, he continued to command in battle until the enemy attack was repelled. For military exploits, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on May 15, 1946.

A native of the village of Sarikuy, Pulatan jamoat, teacher, squad commander, Dadojon Sayfulloev, on August 4-5, 1941, on the South-Western Front in the village of Gatno, accomplished a feat as a scout, was wounded during an attack and died in the arms of his friends. For participation in military operations he was posthumously awarded the order Lenin 5.11.1941.

Former internal affairs officer Lieutenant Colonel Nizom Nazarov, back in 1938, in the war against Japanese militarists on Lake Khasan, showed valor, destroyed many Japanese soldiers and, having captured an enemy vehicle, transported it through impassable swamps. October 25, 1938 he was among the first to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner. During the Second World War, as part of the 491st battalion of the 16th Air Force, he reached Berlin and took part in the capture of this city. He has two Orders of the Red Banner and military medals.

A sister of mercy, the only one from Kanibadam, Shakhri Khaidarova cured many wounded during the war and saved them from death. She carried countless wounded from the battlefield on her fragile shoulders. This brave girl from Kanibadam walked with medical units from Voronezh to the shores of the Baltic, and after the victory over Germany she took part in the war against Japan and reached Manchuria.

...In the Great Patriotic War Hundreds of fighters from Kanibadam took part, they were awarded military orders and medals. During the war years, almost 6,000 young men were drafted from Kanibadam, and almost 3,000 of them died on the war fronts. In memory of them, a memorial plaque was erected in their homeland. As already mentioned, during the Second World War, the rear became the second front. In 1942 1,400 children, women and old people were resettled from the front line to the rear, including to Kanibadam. By decree of the city executive committee of the district dated March 22, 1942. Jamoats (village councils) were tasked with placing refugees in rural areas (villages). According to this decree, every day refugees were given 300 g of grain, 25 g of butter, 50 g of bran.

In 1942-43, two military field hospitals from Moscow were transported to Kanibadam and placed in the best buildings of the city - in the building of the pedagogical school (now the Technological College), schools named after Lenin and Narimanov. Collective farms were given the task of providing for and caring for the sick.

...Since ancient times, schools have been the main source of