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Adjective. What is an adjective: some interesting and important facts Write a story about an adjective

Adjective. What is an adjective: some interesting and important facts Write a story about an adjective

Literacy includes not only the placement of periods and commas in right place, but also the exact use in accordance with the rules of linguistics. The adjective in Russian plays a big role in the formation of phrases and sentences. Their use enriches our speech, makes it more rich and figurative. Probably, there are no adults who do not know what it is, however, there are many interesting information about this morphological unit, which, undoubtedly, was mentioned in the school curriculum, but could be forgotten over time.

Particle "not" with an adjective

Often there are situations when a word seems to be familiar, but you don’t know exactly how to spell it correctly. Such cases include the use of adjectives with "not". Consider in what cases you need to write together.

Firstly, the negative particle “not” is written together with adjectives, the forms of which without this particle simply do not exist in modern language. For example, hostile, careless.

Secondly, adjectives are used together with “not”, the meaning of which, when a given particle is attached, changes to a word that is opposite in meaning. It must be remembered that such an adjective can be replaced by a synonym. For example, unmarried - single, and others.

Third, accepted continuous spelling adjectives with "not", which are used with explanatory words expressing degree and measure. For example, a very inappropriate remark.

Separately with "not" adjectives are written in the following cases:

When used with relative adjectives. At the same time, it is taken into account that such affirms a negative meaning. For example, the ring is not silver (here it is emphasized that the ring is not made of silver).
When using adjectives in which the short and long forms differ in meaning. Example: not a red tomato - not a red girl.
When used with adjectives and adverbs, for example, it is by no means an old concept, an unfamiliar story, and so on.
When using this morphological unit after the word being defined, and the construction has a meaning close to the turnover with the participle. For example, organizations that are not subordinate.

When writing adjectives with the particle "not", you should pay attention to the sentence in which they are used. So, the same word can have different spellings depending on the role played by this part of speech. For example, this person here is not local (predicate) - an alien custom (definition).

How to write "nn" or "n"?

It is important to know that adjectives with the suffixes -an-, -yan-, -in- should be written with one "n". For glass, tin and wood.

In adjectives with suffixes -onn-, -enn-, “nn” is used, for example, morning (sun), and others. The exception is windy. However, it should be noted that such an adjective is written with "nn" if it is used with a prefix. For example, leeward, windless.

A few interesting points

In the process of evolution of the language, some adjectives have passed into the category of nouns. These include: laundry, hairdresser, pantry and others. In addition, there are a number of words that can act as both parts of speech. These include: sick, familiar, blind and others.

Also, linguists have found that adjectives with unstable stress tend to be pronounced over time with an emphasis on the last syllables. So, earlier such words as "thunder", "day" were used. Now they have been replaced by "day" and "thunder".

As you know, a feature of Russian adjectives is their ability to decline. In contrast, the adjective in English language does not change by gender, number and case, but can form

Adjectives occupy the third place in the language in terms of quantity and significance (after verbs and nouns). Their use gives artistic expressiveness to our speech.

Adjective is an independent significant part of speech that combines words that

1) indicate the sign of the subject and answer questions what?, whose?;

2) change by gender, number and case, and some - by completeness / brevity and degrees of comparison;

3) in a sentence there are definitions or a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate.

Ranks of adjectives by meaning

Three categories of adjectives are distinguished by meaning:qualitative, relative, possessive.

quality adjectives denote the quality, property of an object: its size (little ), shape (round ), color (White ), physical characteristics (warm ) , as well as the propensity of the object to perform an action (barbed ).

relative adjectives designate a sign of an object through the relation of this object to another object (book ), action (reading room ) or another feature (yesterday's ). Relative adjectives are formed from nouns, verbs, and adverbs; the most common suffixes for relative adjectives are the suffixes -n - ( forest ), - ov - ( hedgehog ), - in - ( poplar-in-th ), - sk - ( warehouse ), - l - ( fluent ).

Possessive adjectives denote the belonging of an object to a person or animal and are formed from nouns by suffixes -in - ( mum-in ), - ov - ( fathers ), - uy - ( fox ). These suffixes are at the end of the stem of the adjective (cf. possessive adjectivefathers and relative adjectivepaternal ).

quality adjectives differ from relative and possessive at all language levels:

1) only qualitative adjectives denote a feature that can manifest itself to a greater or lesser extent;

2) quality adjectives can have antonyms (quiet - loud );

3) only qualitative adjectives can be non-derivative, relative and possessive ones are always derived from nouns, adjectives, verbs;

4) from quality adjectives nouns are formed with the meaning of an abstract attribute (rigor ) and adverbs in -o (strictly ), as well as adjectives with a subjective assessment suffix (blue-enky-y, evil-yushch-y) ;

5) only qualitative adjectives have a full / short form and degrees of comparison;

6) qualitative adjectives are combined with adverbs of measure and degree (very happy ).

Declension of adjectives

Adjectives of all ranks have inconstant signs of gender (in the singular), number and case, in which they agree with the noun. Adjectives also agree with the noun in animation if the noun is in the form of V. p. plural, and for the masculine - and singular (cf .: I seebeautiful shoes and I see beautiful girls ).

Changing an adjective by gender, number and case is called adjective declension.

Qualitative adjectives standing in a short form (expressions on bare feet, phraseologized in broad daylight and do not reflect the current state of the language), as well as qualitative adjectives standing in a simple comparative and compound built on its basis, do not decline. superlatives(above, above all).

The Russian language hasindeclinable adjectives , which stand for:

1) colors:beige , khaki , marengo , electrician ;

2) nationalities and languages:Khanty , Mansi , urdu ;

3) clothing styles:pleated , corrugation , flare , mini .

Invariable adjectives are also words (weight)gross , net , (hour)peak .

Their grammatical features are their immutability, adjacency to a noun, location after, and not before, a noun. The immutability of these adjectives is their constant feature.

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Qualitative adjectives have a non-constant morphological sign of degrees of comparison.

School grammar indicates that there are two degrees of comparison -comparative and superlative .

Comparative the degree of the adjective indicates that the feature is manifested to a greater / lesser extent in this subject compared to another subject (Vanya is taller than Kolya; This river is deeper than the other ) or the same item in other circumstances (Vanya is taller than he was last year; The river is deeper here than there ).

The comparative degree issimple and compound .

Simple comparative degree denotes a greater degree of manifestation of the attribute and is formed from the basis of adjectives with the help of suffixes -her(s), -e, -she/-same ( quicker, higher, earlier, deeper ).

The simple form of the comparative degree of some adjectives is formed from a different stem:pl about hoi - worse , good - better .

Sometimes, when forming a simple comparative degree, a prefix can be attachedon- ( newer ) .

Morphological features of a simple comparative degree are uncharacteristic of an adjective. This:

1) immutability,

2) the ability to control a noun,

3) use mainly in the function of the predicate (He is taller than his father ). A simple comparative degree can occupy the position of definition only in a separate position (Much taller than the other students, he seemed almost an adult ) or in non-isolated position with the prefix po- in position after a noun (Buy me fresher newspapers ).

Composite comparative degree denotes both a greater and a lesser degree of manifestation of a trait and is formed as follows:

more/less element + adjective (more / less tall ).

The difference between a composite comparative degree and a simple one is as follows:

1) the composite comparative degree is wider in meaning, since it denotes not only a greater, but also a lesser degree of manifestation of a feature;

2) the composite comparative degree changes in the same way as positive degree comparisons (original form), i.e. by gender, numbers and cases, and can also be in short form (more handsome );

3) a composite comparative degree can be both predicate and non-isolated and separate definition (Less interesting article was presented in this magazine . This article is less interesting than the previous one. )

excellent the degree of comparison indicates the largest / smallest degree of manifestation of a trait (the highest mountain) or a very large / small degree of manifestation of a trait (the kindest person).

The superlative degree of comparison, like the comparative one, can be simple and compound.

Simple superlative adjective denotes the highest degree of manifestation of the attribute and is formed from the omnibus of the adjective with the help of suffixes -eysh- / -aysh- (after k, z, x, causing alternation):good-eysh-th, high-aysh-th.

When forming a simple superlative degree of comparison, the prefix can be usednai -: kindest .

The morphological features of a simple superlative degree of comparison of adjectives are the same as those of an adjective, i.e., variability by gender, number, cases, the use of a definition and a predicate in the syntactic function. The simple superlative adjective does not have a short form.

Compound superlative adjectives denotes both the greatest and the least degree of manifestation of the trait and is formed in three ways:

1) adding a wordmost the cleverest );

2) adding a wordmost/least to the initial form of the adjective (most/least smart );

3) adding a wordall orTotal to comparative degree (He was smarter than everyone ).

Compound superlative forms formed by the first and second methods have morphological features, characteristic of adjectives, i.e. they change by gender, number and case, can have a short form (most convenient ), act both as a definition and as a nominal part of the predicate. Compound superlative forms formed in the third way are invariable and act mainly as a nominal part of the predicate.

Not all qualitative adjectives have degrees of comparison, and the absence of simple forms of degrees of comparison is observed more often than the absence of compound forms.

Completeness / brevity of adjectives

Qualitative adjectives have a full and a short form.

The short form is formed by adding a positive degree of endings to the stem: null ending for the masculine -but for women, -about / -e for the average -s / -And for plural (deep- , deep-but , deep-about , deep-And ) .

A short form is not formed from quality adjectives that:

1) have suffixes characteristic of relative adjectives -sk-, -ov- / -ev-, -n- : Brown , coffee , brotherly ;

2) denote the colors of animals:brown , crow ;

3) have suffixes of subjective assessment:tall , little blue .

The short form has grammatical differences from the full form: it does not change by case, in the sentence it appears mainly as a nominal part of the predicate; the short form acts as a definition only in a separate syntactic position (Angry at the whole world, he almost stopped leaving the house).

In the position of the predicate, the meaning of the full and short forms usually coincides, but some adjectives may have the following semantic differences between them:

1) the short form denotes an excessive manifestation of a trait with a negative assessment, cf..: skirt short - skirt short ;

2) the short form denotes a temporary sign, the full one - permanent, cf.:child is ill - child sick .

There are such qualitative adjectives that have only a short form:glad , much , must .

Transition of adjectives from category to category

It is possible for an adjective to have several meanings related to different categories. In school grammar, this is called "the transition of an adjective from category to category." So, a relative adjective can develop a meaning characteristic of qualitative ones (for example:iron detail (relative) -iron will (kach.) - metaphorical transfer). Possessives may have meanings characteristic of relative and qualitative ones (for example:Foxy burrow (possessive)- fox hat (relative) -fox habits (kach.).

Morphological analysis of the adjective

Morphological analysis of the adjective is carried out according to the following plan:

I. Part of speech. General value. Initial form (nominative singular masculine).

II. Morphological features.
1. Constant signs: rank by value (qualitative, relative or possessive) 2. Non-permanent signs: 1) for quality adjectives: a) degree of comparison (comparative, superlative), b) full or short form; 2) for all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender
III. syntactic role.

An example of morphological parsing of an adjective.

And for sure, she was good: tall, thin, her eyes are black, like those of a mountain chamois, and looked into your soul (M. Yu. Lermontov).

1. Good (what?) - adjective,

initial form is good.

2. Constant signs: qualitative, short;

non-permanent features: units. number, female genus.

3. She (was what?)good (part of the predicate).

1. High (what?) - adjective,

initial form - high.

Variable signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p ..

3. She (was what?) high (part of the predicate).

1. Thin - adjective,

the initial form is thin.

2. Permanent signs: high-quality, complete;

non-permanent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.

3. She (was what?) thin(part of the predicate).

1. black - adjective

initial form is black.

2. Constant features: quality;

non-permanent signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, pl. number, I. p..

3. Eyes (what?) black (predicate).

The Russian language is very rich. A significant role in this is played by such a part of speech as an adjective, which indicates a characteristic feature of an object. In this article, you will learn what an adjective means, what questions it answers, and how it is defined in a sentence.

What is an adjective as a part of speech?

Adjective in Russian- this is an independent part of speech, indicating a sign (quality, property) of an object expressed by a noun or pronoun. The initial form of the adjective is the singular masculine form in the nominative case (light, cold, green, kind).

In sentences, adjectives, as a rule, act as a definition, but can also be used as a predicate (or as part of a nominal predicate).

The adjective as a part of speech is studied in grades 4-6.

What questions does the adjective answer?

adjective answers questions What (What? What?), Whose? (Whose? Whose?) And What?, as well as their derivative forms, depending on which case, gender and number the word is used in (for example: fell out snow (what?) white, find a hole (whose?) fox).

What do adjectives mean?

In Russian, the main role of adjectives in speech is the definition of objects (persons, phenomena, states). Adjectives are divided into three categories according to their meaning.

what i know about adjective.story and got the best answer

Answer from CHRISTINA.[guru]
I know the following about this part of speech:

Answer from Linara[newbie]
The adjective answers the questions which one
adjective denotes a sign of an object, well, then improvise yourself

Answer from Elena Filimonova[guru]
The surprising part of speech is an adjective. Without these words, it would be difficult to determine WHAT object and WHOSE. The set of OBJECT FEATURES denotes an adjective. QUALITATIVE can determine the color and shape, character and taste; can manifest themselves to a greater or lesser extent, surpass all objects in terms of their characteristics, as they have DEGRADS OF COMPARISON. With the help of RELATIVE adjectives, we can determine the material from which the object is made, its sign in place and time, and much more. POSSESSIVE adjectives determine which person or animal an object refers to. Changing by gender, number and case, adjectives appear before us in all their forms. And in a sentence, adjectives can be any member of the sentence, although most often they act as a definition and a predicate. Without adjectives, our speech would be deprived of colors and those unusual shades with which our Russian language is so rich.

Answer from Alexander Popov[newbie]
Plan:
1. what is an adjective
2. what questions does the adjective answer
3. how the adjective changes
4. signs of objects that the adjective names
5. the role of the adjective in the sentence
6. what does it mean
7. what is most often in the sentence
8. what determines the adjective
9. adjective form
10. ranks of the adjective
11. how it is formed

Answer from Denis Orlov[newbie]
correct

Answer from on Yakovleva[newbie]
Thank you, I said everything except 2.

Answer from Nikita Nikita[newbie]
THX

Answer from Camilla akhmetzyanova[newbie]
thanks

Answer from Asaf afaf[newbie]
I don't understand anything I'm stupid

Answer from Karina Musaibekova[newbie]
Thank you teacher gave me 5

Answer from Natalya Guzun[newbie]
Thank you very much CHRISTINA. Supreme Intelligence (429424)

Answer from Munira Khakova[newbie]
cool keep writing like this

Answer from Danil Sukhankin[newbie]
1 This is an independent part of speech, which denotes a sign, quality, state and belonging of an object
2-answers questions (what? whose?)
3. It can be complete and short, answers questions (what? what?, what are?), short in a sentence is always a predicate.
4. Has degrees of comparison - comparative and superlative
5 Changes by gender, number and case.
6 In a sentence, an adjective can be a definition and a predicate.

Answer from Olga Snetkova[newbie]
1 This is an independent part of speech, which denotes a sign, quality, state and belonging of an object
2-answers questions (what? whose?)
3. It can be complete and short, answers questions (what? what?, what are?), short in a sentence is always a predicate.
4. Has degrees of comparison - comparative and superlative
5 Changes by gender, number and case.
6 In a sentence, an adjective can be a definition and a predicate.

Answer from Dima Fedorov[newbie]
thanks a lot helped a lot...

Adjective is an independent significant part of speech that combines words that

1) indicate the sign of the subject and answer questions what?, whose?;

2) change by gender, number and case, and some - by completeness / brevity and degrees of comparison;

3) in a sentence there are definitions or a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate.

Ranks of adjectives by meaning

Three categories of adjectives are distinguished by meaning:qualitative, relative, possessive.

quality adjectives differ from relative and possessive at all language levels:

1) only qualitative adjectives denote a feature that can manifest itself to a greater or lesser extent;

2) quality adjectives can have antonyms (quiet - loud );

3) only qualitative adjectives can be non-derivative, relative and possessive ones are always derived from nouns, adjectives, verbs;

4) qualitative adjectives form nouns with the meaning of an abstract attribute (rigor ) and adverbs in -o (strictly ), as well as adjectives with a subjective assessment suffix (blue-enky-y, evil-yushch-y) ;

5) only qualitative adjectives have a full / short form and degrees of comparison;

6) qualitative adjectives are combined with adverbs of measure and degree (very happy ).

Declension of adjectives

Changing an adjective by gender, number and case is called adjective declension.

Qualitative adjectives that stand in a short form (expressions on bare feet, in broad daylight are phraseologized and do not reflect the current state of the language), as well as qualitative adjectives that stand in a simple comparative and a compound superlative degree built on its basis (higher, higher than all) .

The Russian language hasindeclinable adjectives , which stand for:

1) colors:beige , khaki , marengo , electrician ;

2) nationalities and languages:Khanty , Mansi , urdu ;

3) clothing styles:pleated , corrugation , flare , mini .

Invariable adjectives are also words (weight)gross , net , (hour)peak .

Their grammatical features are their immutability, adjacency to a noun, location after, and not before, a noun. The immutability of these adjectives is their constant feature.

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Qualitative adjectives have a non-constant morphological sign of degrees of comparison.

School grammar indicates that there are two degrees of comparison -comparative and superlative .

The comparative degree issimple and compound .

The simple form of the comparative degree of some adjectives is formed from a different stem:pl about hoi - worse , good - better .

Sometimes, when forming a simple comparative degree, a prefix can be attachedon- ( newer ) .

Morphological features of a simple comparative degree are uncharacteristic of an adjective. This:

1) immutability,

2) the ability to control a noun,

Composite comparative degree denotes both a greater and a lesser degree of manifestation of a trait and is formed as follows:

more/less element + adjective (more / less tall ).

The difference between a composite comparative degree and a simple one is as follows:

1) the composite comparative degree is wider in meaning, since it denotes not only a greater, but also a lesser degree of manifestation of a feature;

2) the composite comparative degree changes in the same way as the positive degree of comparison (initial form), i.e. by gender, number and case, and can also be in short form (more handsome );

3) a composite comparative degree can be both a predicate and a non-isolated and isolated definition (Less interesting article was presented in this magazine . This article is less interesting than the previous one. )

The superlative degree of comparison, like the comparative one, can be simple and compound.

When forming a simple superlative degree of comparison, the prefix can be usednai -: kindest .

Compound superlative adjectives denotes both the greatest and the least degree of manifestation of the trait and is formed in three ways:

1) adding a wordmost the cleverest );

2) adding a wordmost/least to the initial form of the adjective (most/least smart );

3) adding a wordall orTotal to comparative degree (He was smarter than everyone ).

Compound superlative forms formed by the first and second methods have morphological features characteristic of adjectives, i.e. they change by gender, number and case, they can have a short form (most convenient ), act both as a definition and as a nominal part of the predicate. Compound superlative forms formed in the third way are invariable and act mainly as a nominal part of the predicate.

Not all qualitative adjectives have degrees of comparison, and the absence of simple forms of degrees of comparison is observed more often than the absence of compound forms.

Completeness / brevity of adjectives

Qualitative adjectives have a full and a short form.

A short form is not formed from quality adjectives that:

1) have suffixes characteristic of relative adjectives -sk-, -ov- / -ev-, -n- : Brown , coffee , brotherly ;

2) denote the colors of animals:brown , crow ;

3) have suffixes of subjective assessment:tall , little blue .

In the position of the predicate, the meaning of the full and short forms usually coincides, but some adjectives may have the following semantic differences between them:

1) the short form denotes an excessive manifestation of a trait with a negative assessment, cf..: skirt short - skirt short ;

2) the short form denotes a temporary sign, the full one - permanent, cf.:child is ill - child sick .

There are such qualitative adjectives that have only a short form:glad , much , must .

Transition of adjectives from category to category

Morphological analysis of the adjective

Morphological analysis of the adjective is carried out according to the following plan:

I. Part of speech. General value. Initial form (nominative singular masculine).

An example of morphological parsing of an adjective.

And for sure, she was good: tall, thin, her eyes are black, like those of a mountain chamois, and looked into your soul (M. Yu. Lermontov).

1. Good (what?) - adjective,

initial form is good.

2. Constant signs: qualitative, short;

non-permanent features: units. number, female genus.

3. She (was what?)good (part of the predicate).

1. High (what?) - adjective,

initial form - high.

Variable signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p ..

3. She (was what?) high (part of the predicate).

1. Thin - adjective,

the initial form is thin.

2. Permanent signs: high-quality, complete;

non-permanent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.

3. She (was what?) thin(part of the predicate).

1. black - adjective

initial form is black.

2. Constant features: quality;

non-permanent signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, pl. number, I. p..

3. Eyes (what?) black (predicate).