How to find a complex sentence. Complex sentences with different types of connection
author Angela Ustinova asked a question in Additional education
How to distinguish a complex sentence from a complex one and got the best answer
Answer from Bkk[guru]
I'll try in my own words
A compound sentence consists of simple sentences that are interconnected by coordinating conjunctions and, as a rule, are equal grammatically and in meaning.
Coordinating conjunctions - And, yes (in the meaning of "and"), and .. . and, neither... neither, also, also, But, but, yes (in the meaning of "but"), however, but, Or, or, whether ... whether then... that, not that... not that or... or how... and not only... but even though... but if not... then, not so much... how much, Namely, that is, or (in the meaning of "that is"), somehow, And then, and then, yes and, and also, etc.
A complex sentence is a complex sentence in which one simple sentence is subordinate to another, connected by a subordinating union or an allied word.
Subordinating conjunctions - What, to, like, etc., When, as soon as, only, barely, only, only, before, since, until, until, after, until, as far as as, after, because, since, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that , If, if, once, if, if, As, as if, as if, as if, exactly, than, rather than, like as, as if.
In general, in a compound compound there are two equal parts, and in a compound one - one depends on the other) VOILA)
Answer from Helena[active]
Simple sentences in a complex subordinate are connected with the help of conjunctions like, as if, because. In a compound with the help of unions what, and.
Answer from Tessa[guru]
In complex sentences, one simple sentence (subordinate) depends on another (main). From the main clause to the subordinate clause, you can ask a question. For example:
We watched with keen interest (what were we watching?) as they practiced playing hockey. Besides subordinate clause(as they practiced playing hockey) cannot exist by itself.
In a compound sentence, the constituent parts are grammatically independent of each other, that is, they are equal in rights, which means that each of the parts is the main one and can exist independently. For example:
It's still very early, and the miners are already on their morning shift. That is, from this sentence you can easily make 2 independent sentences.
1. It's still very early.
2. The miners are already on their morning shift.
I hope I explained clearly.
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
How to quickly and easily determine whether a complex or complex sentence? and got the best answer
Answer from Vadim[active]
For unions:
If the unions "a, but, and, or, yes (in the meaning of and)", etc., are composed.
And if the unions are "Which, because", etc., AND YOU CAN ALSO ask questions from the dependent sentence to the main one, then this is a subordinate sentence
It began to rain and a thunderstorm began - composed
It began to rain, because of which a thunderstorm began - subordinate (Why did the thunderstorm begin? Because it started to rain
Answer from Natasha Prokhorova[newbie]
In a compound sentence, the parts are equal in meaning, which means that by removing the union, we can make them simple sentences, without distorting the meaning.
Answer from Yatiana Kazakova[guru]
In a compound sentence, the parts are equal in meaning, which means that by removing the union, we can make them simple sentences, without distorting the meaning. In a complex sentence, the parts depend on one another. And if one of them can be an independent proposal, then the other - never! In addition, you need to know that in compound sentences, coordinating unions serve to connect parts, and in complex sentences, respectively, subordinating ones.
Answer from Speedy88[guru]
very simple, by unions:
in compound - and, but, but
in complex - what, when, if, which, etc.
you can on questions, in compound ones one depends on the other
Answer from Marylave[newbie]
Compound - when two parts of a sentence are not related to each other. Complicated - when there is some kind of connection between them, and usually they are united by some kind of union: which, because, etc.
Answer from Arini-k[guru]
According to the used unions and allied words.
See if you can ask a question from one simple sentence to another. If yes, then complex
Answer from Ludmila[guru]
Look at the means of communication! In SSP - coordinating conjunctions, and in SPP - subordinating conjunctions and allied words.
Answer from Fist Man[active]
Yyyyy
Answer from Elena Khrenova[newbie]
very simple
Answer from Nurzhan Yergaliev[newbie]
To determine the SPP for successful language acquisition, it is enough to spend half an hour, which is available to everyone
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
Complex sentences- These are sentences consisting of several simple ones.
The main means of connecting simple sentences in complex ones are intonation, conjunctions (coordinating and subordinating) and allied words (relative pronouns and pronominal adverbs).
Depending on the means of communication, complex sentences are divided into allied And unionless. Allied proposals are subdivided into compound And complex subordinate.
Compound sentences (SSP) are complex sentences in which simple sentences are connected to each other by intonation and coordinating conjunctions.
Types of compound sentences by the nature of the union and meaning
| SSP type | Unions | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 1. connecting unions(connective relationship). | AND; Yes(in meaning And); no no; yes and; too; also; not only but. |
They opened the door, and air from the yard flowed into the kitchen.(Paustovsky). |
| 2. Compound sentences with opposing alliances(opposite relationship). | BUT; but; Yes(in meaning but); but(in meaning but); but; but; and then; not that; not that; a particle(in the meaning of union but); particle only(in the meaning of union but). |
Ivan Petrovich left, but I stayed(Leskov). |
| 3. Compound sentences with divisive unions(separating relations). | Or; or; not that ..., not that; then ... then; whether... or. |
Either eat the fish or run aground(proverb). |
Note!
1) Coordinating conjunctions can connect not only parts of a compound sentence, but also homogeneous members. Their distinction is especially important for punctuation marks. Therefore, when parsing, be sure to highlight the grammatical foundations in order to determine the type of sentence (simple with homogeneous members or a compound sentence).
Wed: From the smoky hole a man walked and carried a large sturgeon(Peskov) - a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates; I’ll give money for the road, and you can call a helicopter(Peskov) - a compound sentence.
2) Coordinating conjunctions usually take place at the beginning of the second part (the second simple sentence).
In some places, the Danube serves as a border, but it serves as a road people to each other(Peskov).
The exceptions are unions, too, also, particles-unions are the same, only. They necessarily take or can take place in the middle of the second part (the second simple sentence).
My sister and I were crying, my mother was also crying.(Aksakov); His comrades treated him with hostility, while the soldiers truly loved him.(Kuprin).
Therefore, when parsing such complex sentences, they are often confused with non-union complex sentences.
3) The double union not only ..., but also expresses gradation relations and is referred to as connecting unions in school textbooks. Very often, when parsing, only its second part is taken into account ( but also) and are mistakenly referred to as adversarial unions. In order not to be mistaken, try replacing this double union with the union and.
Wed: The language should not only understandable or vulgar but also the language must be good (L. Tolstoy). - Language should be understandable or vernacular, and language must be good.
4) Compound sentences vary greatly in meaning. Quite often they are close in meaning to complex sentences.
Wed: You leave - and it becomes dark(Schefner). - If you leave, it will become dark; I didn't eat anything, but I didn't feel hungry.(Tendryakov). - Although I didn't eat anything, I didn't feel hungry.
However, when parsing, it is not this particular meaning that is taken into account, but the meaning determined by the type of the coordinating union (connective, adversative, divisive).
Notes. In some textbooks and manuals for compound sentences relate complex sentences with explanatory conjunctions that is, namely, for example: The board authorized him to speed up the work, that is, in other words, he authorized himself to this(Kuprin); Bird flights developed as an adaptive instinctive act, namely: it gives the birds opportunity to avoid adverse winter conditions(Peskov). Other researchers attribute them to complex sentences or distinguish them as an independent type of complex sentences. Some researchers of sentences with particles only refer to non-union sentences.
Read the sentences:
1) At night the wind gets angry and knocks on the window.(A. Fet.)
2) The day is drowning in bright gold, and the streams rustle along the ravines.(I. Nikitin)
(What?) Wind is the subject.
The wind (what is it doing?) is angry and knocking - these are homogeneous predicates connected by a union And.
(What?) day is the subject.
The day (what does it do?) is drowning - this is a predicate.
(What?) streams is the subject.
Streams (what are they doing?) are making noise - this is a predicate.
How are these offers different?
The first one is simple. The second is complex (conjunction And combines two simple sentences into one).
Complexsuggestions are two (or more) sentences combined into one.
Simple sentences, which are part of a complex, can be connected by unions a, but, and, what, when, where, because, to etc. or intonation.
Parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma.
Complex sentences are divided into allied And unionless. Allied sentences, in turn, are divided into compound and complex. Thus, there are three main types of complex sentences: compound, complex subordinate And unionless.
Let's highlight the basics of sentences and define their type.
1. A fluffy red tail completely covered his back, and his eyes dug into a terrible beast.
(What?) the tail is the subject.
He covered the tail (what did he do?) - this is a predicate.
Eyes (what did they do?) Stared - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammatical foundations - the tail is covered, the eyes are stuck, which means that this is a complex sentence. Its parts are united into one union BUT, and separated by a comma.
2. He saw that the lynx's eyes were tightly closed.
(Who?) He is the subject.
He (what did he do?) saw - this is a predicate.
(What?) eyes are the subject.
Eyes (what are made?) Are closed - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammatical bases that are connected by the union WHAT, and separated by a comma.
3. There was a rustle from the place where the things lay.
(What?) Rustle is the subject.
A rustle (what did you do?) was heard - this is a predicate.
(What?) things are the subject.
Things (what did they do?) lay - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammatical bases, combined into one sentence by the union WHERE and separated by a comma.
4. On a sunny morning, a merry tit tunes up its simple song, and a woodpecker lets out a ringing shot through the taiga.
(Who?) titmouse is the subject.
The tit (what is it doing?) is adjusting - this is a predicate.
(Who?) Woodpecker is the subject.
The woodpecker (what is he doing?) lets in - this is a predicate.
Before us are two grammatical bases of a complex sentence, separated by a comma.
Compound sentences
A compound sentence is a complex sentence, the parts of which are interconnected by coordinating unions. In compound sentences, the relations most often expressed are connective, adversative and divisive. In addition, compound sentences can express comparative, connecting, explanatory relations with various additional shades of meaning.
Connective relationships. In compound sentences expressing connecting relationships, unions and, yes, neither (repeating), also, too (the last two with a connecting shade of meaning) serve as a means of connecting parts of a single whole. Compound sentences with a union and most often express temporary relationships. To express these relations, verb forms (temporal and aspectual), the order of parts in the complex, intonation, union, and additional lexical means are used.
Compound sentences with opposing alliances(a, but, yes, however, but, same, etc.) express relations of opposition or comparison, sometimes with various additional shades (inconsistencies, restrictions, concessions, etc.) This meaning of this type of complex sentences affects their construction: word order in the second part due to the nature of its opposition to the first part.
It is widely used in complex sentences with the indicated meanings of the union a, for example:
The view of the earth is still sad, and the air is already breathing in spring (Tyutch.);
Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness (last)
Separation relationships. Compound sentences with divisive conjunctions (or, or, whether ... whether, then ... then, etc.) indicate the alternation of events, their successive change, incompatibility, etc.
Complex sentences
A complex sentence is a sentence, the parts of which are interconnected by subordinating unions or allied means. subordination between parts of a complex sentence is expressed in the syntactic dependence of one part (subordinate) on the other (main).
Conjunctions and allied words in a complex sentence:
Subordinating conjunctions | allied words |
|
Simple | Composite |
|
what to for when till how like if and etc. | because because of because just as if since due to and etc. | which the which who what how where where when and etc. |
They are not part of the offer. | They are members of the proposal. Attach the subordinate clause to the main or another subordinate clause. |
|
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According to the number of grammatical bases, sentences are divided into simple And complex. Compound sentences consist of two or more parts (simple sentences) combined intonationally, in meaning and grammatically:
Hewn drogs sang, plains and bushes run.
By the nature of the means of communication of the parts, complex sentences are divided into allied and non-union. In allied sentences, parts are connected by unions or allied words, and in unionless proposals- intonation. Allied proposals are divided into compound and complex ones.
In this article, we will consider compound sentences. Special attention we will focus on punctuation in compound sentences, and also learn how to find a compound sentence in a text.
Compound sentences
Compound sentences(SSP) are such complex sentences, parts of which are connected by coordinating conjunctions:
I ordered to go to the commandant, and a couple of minutes later the wagon stopped in front of a small house built on a high hill, near a wooden church.
The parts of a compound sentence are independent of each other: there are no main and subordinate clauses, and you cannot ask a question from one part to another.
Parts of the SSP can be connected by the following unions (coordinating unions):
1) connecting and, yes (=and), neither ... nor, also, also : The telegraph wire hummed faintly, and here and there hawks rested;
2) adversative but, but, yes (= but), however, but, but, otherwise, not that : The game and dinner were already over, but the guests had not yet left.
3) separating or, either, whether ... whether, then ... that, not that ... not that, either ... either, or ... or: Now everything in it breathes truth, now everything in it is feigned and false;
4) connecting yes, yes and, and also, yes, but, also in an attached meaning in combination with adverbs more, because , prepositions moreover, besides and particles here, even : The door was closed, there was no one in the house, and was it worth waiting for another?
5) gradation: not only .. but also, not so much .. how much, not that .. but, although ... but : It's not that he didn't try to be on time, but it was just hard for him to meet the deadline.
SSP should be distinguished from a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous members: Go in for sports and you will always be healthy - this is SSP, since the two verbs in different form(in different moods), cannot be homogeneous members; The TV was sent to the workshop, and there it was repaired - SSP, because. refers to different actors.
Punctuation marks in a compound sentence
, from. .
A comma is placed between parts of the SSP: Stand in his place, and you will understand the motive of his actions.
- from. .
A dash is put instead of a comma in case of unexpected attachment, sharp opposition or emphasis on causal relationships between parts of the BSC: One jump - and his light silhouette is already visible on the roof.
; from. .
A semicolon is used if the sentences are widely distributed and there is no close relationship between them:
Tatyana, on the advice of the nanny
Gathering to tell fortunes at night,
Quietly ordered in the bath
Set the table for two appliances;
But Tatyana suddenly became afraid.(A.S.P.)
A comma between the SSP is not put only in exceptional cases, when the parts are connected by a single union AND, OR, OR, YES (= AND) and parts of the SSP:
[gen. ] And .
[gen. ] And .
have a common secondary member of the sentence (addition or circumstance): Heavy trucks were moving along the streets and cars were racing.
and , (gen.).
have a common subordinate clause: When spring comes, the days become longer and all living things bloom.
Common [ +++, ] and .
have in common introductory word or suggestion: Perhaps the forms have already been tested and there are already results.
[ Only ] and .
[ Only ] and .
have a common particle ONLY, ONLY, etc.: Only a blizzard makes noise and birches sway.
[ Name ] and [ nam. ],
are nominal sentences: Golden domes and bells.
And ?
are interrogative: What time is it now and how soon will we arrive at the place?
And !
are exclamatory: How wonderfully he speaks, and how sincere his words!
[ Wake up ] and [ prompt. ].
are motivating: May there be peace and people be happy.
[Anonymous. ] and [ impersonal ].
are impersonal sentences with the same form of the predicate or synonyms in the composition of the predicate: Wet and damp.
How to find a compound sentence in a text?
We can find a compound sentence by three signs:
1) First, we are looking for a complex sentence (with two or more grammatical bases);
2) Secondly, in a specific complex sentence, we determine which union (coordinating or subordinating) its parts are connected with;
3) Thirdly, we find out whether it is possible to ask a question from one part to another.
For example:
The battalion commander stood up in the sun, and a thousand lights shone on the golden carving of his saber.
1) There are 2 grammatical bases in this sentence ( battalion commander got up - a thousand lights shone);
2) The parts are connected by a coordinating union AND
3) Parts of the sentence are equal, you can not ask a question.
Conclusion: we have a compound sentence.