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Drugs that reduce intraocular pressure. Eye pressure - eye drops are the safest without side effects

Drugs that reduce intraocular pressure. Eye pressure - eye drops are the safest without side effects

Drops from eye pressure reduce the production of intraocular fluid or increase its outflow, and some of them have both of these properties. The use of such drops is the main method for normalizing intraocular pressure.

Constantly elevated intraocular pressure called glaucoma. The disease is dangerous in the long term - if the pressure is not reduced, retinal detachment, optic nerve atrophy will begin. This leads to irreversible deterioration of vision, up to complete blindness. What to do if such a diagnosis is made?

Symptoms of glaucoma are usually pronounced - it is characterized by a feeling of fullness of the eyeball, narrowing of the visual fields, a halo around light sources.

List of eye drops for eye pressure

What kind pharmacological agents used in practice? There are three main mechanisms of action of drugs that reduce high intraocular pressure - some affect the formation of fluid, others normalize its circulation and utilization, and others combine these two principles. Based on this, several groups of drugs are used to combat increased eye pressure.

Beta blockers

The best medicines with almost no side effects, which are prescribed primarily in the treatment of increased intraocular pressure. After instillation of a sore eye, it is recommended not to open for several minutes so that the blocker does not get through the nasolacrimal canal to the mucous membrane, thereby preventing its systemic action. Locally, these eye drops for glaucoma and eye pressure reduce the production of eye moisture. Can they raise blood pressure? With systemic exposure, drugs such as Arutimol, Okumed, Timoptik can cause an increase in heart rate, but this effect is almost completely eliminated in Timolol and Betoptik preparations. They also enhance the outflow of moisture, and Betoptik has no effect on the pupil, so it does not impair vision. Beta-blockers are contraindicated in children, people with heart failure, bronchial obstruction, they should not be dripped if the cornea is damaged.

Cholinomimetics

Drugs that act on m-cholinergic receptors, causing a significant improvement in the circulation of fluid inside the eye. These drops to reduce eye pressure lead to constriction of the pupils, open the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, from where the fluid easily flows out, and thereby stop the hypertonic state. This group includes drugs such as Pilocarpine and Carbacholin. They are effective, but have side effects in the form of classic manifestations of parasympathetic activation. nervous system, for example, an increase in the secretion of glands. Such drugs are not used for bronchial asthma, angina pectoris, keratitis. Cholinomimetics are easy to overdose, so their intake should be agreed with the doctor.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

They reduce elevated pressure in the eyeball by blocking the enzyme carbonic anhydrase of the ciliary body, while stopping the transport of sodium ions, which attract water. Treatment consists in reducing the synthesis of intraocular fluid, in particular, the moisture of the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. This group includes Azopt and Trusopt. The first drug is prescribed for patients with open-angle glaucoma, but it should be borne in mind that it is contraindicated in people with acute or chronic kidney disease. The second is used to treat angle-closure glaucoma, it can be used not only in adults, but also in children, the indications are wider than those of the previous remedy.

Prostaglandin analogs

The safest drugs in terms of side effects (if used correctly), which increase the permeability of the capillary wall of the membranes of the eye, which significantly improves the outflow of fluid. A decrease in pressure occurs within two hours after instillation, and the therapeutic effect lasts up to 12 hours. Due to the strong action, they are not released without a prescription. This group includes such names as Tafluprost, Latanoprost, Travatan, Lanotan, Xalatan. These drugs should be dripped into the sore eye once a day, mainly in the evening. Do not use under 18 years of age, during pregnancy or lactation, are not used to treat congenital glaucoma.

Sympathomimetics

Hybrid alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists, first briefly increase the amount of intraocular moisture produced, after which they permanently reduce its production.

There is a pronounced stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is manifested by the expansion of the pupil and, because of this, a temporary deterioration in vision. Representatives of this group of drugs are D-epifrin, Glaucon, Oftan Dipivefrin. They have a long therapeutic effect.

Constantly elevated intraocular pressure is called glaucoma.

Combined drugs

Combine the most effective means to relieve intraocular pressure and stop the manifestations of glaucoma, contain active substances that are synergists, i.e. their joint effect is enhanced many times over since the drugs potentiate each other. These include Fotil containing pilocarpine and timolol (a classic combination of a cholinomimetic and an adrenergic blocker in ophthalmology), Xalacom (an analogue of prostaglandins xalatan + adrenoblocker timolol), Kosopt (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor trusopt + adrenoblocker timolol). These eye pressure drops are the most balanced and effective, with mostly positive reviews from specialists.

Attention! You can not use means to normalize eye pressure on your own - this can lead to very undesirable consequences, up to loss of vision.

About intraocular pressure

The visual analyzer gives a person most of the entire information flow about the world around - it accounts for more than 90% of incoming information. For this reason, eye diseases significantly impair the patient's quality of life. One of these diseases is an increase in intraocular pressure. The pathological condition can occur for a variety of reasons, acutely and chronically.

The pressure inside the eye depends on several factors - it is maintained by the constant circulation of the produced moisture and its removal. It is a hydrodynamic system in which all components are in fine balance. Intraocular pressure is normally 12-22 mm Hg. Art. - such a value is necessary to maintain the tone of the eye, its optical properties (shape). If the fluid is produced more than usual or it is worse removed, the pressure increases - ocular hypertension occurs.

Glaucoma

A chronic increase in intraocular pressure is called glaucoma - in addition to very unpleasant symptoms, this disease can lead to deterioration and loss of vision.

Primary glaucoma develops without an organic substrate and has a dysregulatory mechanism. Many risk factors, including stress, bad habits, myopia , diabetes mellitus , age, increase the likelihood of disease. With hypertension, secondary eye damage often develops - it can be keratitis, cataract, lens shift. There is also a congenital form of glaucoma associated with a violation of the organogenesis of the eye in the embryonic period.

Symptoms of glaucoma are usually pronounced - it is characterized by a feeling of fullness of the eyeball, narrowing of the visual fields, a halo around light sources. There is also an acute form, which is manifested by a sudden pain attack - the patient experiences a sharp unbearable pain in the eye. To relieve symptoms and provide a therapeutic effect on the system of synthesis and withdrawal of intraocular fluid, eye drops are usually prescribed to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma. However, even if all symptoms point to glaucoma, you should not start taking medicines on their own - many of them have a wide range of side effects. The doctor prescribes medicines for ocular hypertension only after measuring the pressure and examining the fundus.

You can not use means to normalize eye pressure on your own - this can lead to very undesirable consequences, up to loss of vision.

Video

We offer you to watch a video on the topic of the article.

Intraocular pressure is created by the action of the contents of the organ of vision on its outer shell. It is measured in millimeters of mercury. The norm is between 12 and 22 mm Hg. Its regular excess may indicate glaucoma or ocular hypertension. But increased eye pressure can also occur under the influence of intense sports and the abuse of liquids, especially those containing alcohol and caffeine. That's why the best medicine from eye pressure - respect for your body.

In addition to a temporary and quickly passing increase in eye pressure, some people have persistent excess values.

They can be caused by the following reasons:

the use of a certain type of drugs created on the basis of steroids or antidepressants;
mechanical damage to the eyeballs;
serious ailments of the organs of vision, for example, glaucoma and cataracts;
diabetes;
arterial hypertension;
consequences of surgical interventions.

In all these cases, intraocular fluid is either produced in excess or poorly drained from the organ of vision. for glaucoma and diabetes due to high eye pressure, a person can even go blind.

How to determine that the pressure has risen to a high level? You can gently press your finger on the closed eyelid. If the eyeball is too hard, then there is an increase in pressure. With soft apples, the pressure is usually lowered.

Additional warning signs of increased eye pressure:

rapidly onset fatigue of the organs of vision;
pain in the eyes, headache;
feeling of pressure;
a sharp decrease in vigilance;
nausea.

If these symptoms recur, you should consult an ophthalmologist. He will prescribe certain drugs to reduce eye pressure, in most cases - drops. Additionally, he can advise folk remedies reducing discomfort.

These include:

Means	Composition and preparation	Mode of application
Aloe leaf lotion	Boil the fleshy leaves of the plant (5 minutes), filter.	For two weeks, wash the diseased organs of vision 3-4 times a day.
Compresses with duckweed	Scroll raw duckweed in a blender, pour a tablespoon with a cup of alcohol. After 7 days, filter in a dark place.	Twice a day do compresses on the eyelids for 14 days.
Lotions of lily of the valley and nettle	Mix flower petals and nettle grass (1:8), add water.	Lotions are applied twice a day (morning and evening).
Herbal mixture tincture	Mix coriander, anise and dill (in equal proportions), insist for half an hour cold water, are filtered.	Drink 50 ml before meals.
Herbal mixture tincture	Ginger, kelp, motherwort and duckweed are taken in a ratio of 1:1:2:2. Steamed in boiling water and filtered.	Drink 50 ml before meals.
Golden mustache compresses	Squeeze the juice from the plant and dilute with warm water (1:1).	For 30 days, apply compresses to the eyelids three times a day.
Lotions from celandine	Freshly squeezed juice is diluted with honey and heated over low heat to thicken the mixture. Cool down.	Lotions on the eyelids should be applied when an urgent pressure reduction is needed.

Any folk medicine for eye pressure can cause allergies or be individually intolerable. Therefore, such treatment is possible only after consulting a doctor.

Therapy with pharmaceuticals

How to treat an unpleasant ailment? If the increase in pressure is caused by a particular disease, first of all, it is necessary to cure it. But at the same time, you also need to reduce the level of pressure. Most often, doctors prescribe local drugs in the form of drops.

They are divided into several subgroups:

Combined preparations have also been developed that act as efficiently as possible (Fotil, Kosopt). But, in any case, all such drops should be prescribed by an ophthalmologist to avoid side effects.

In some cases, doctors recommend taking diuretics: and there is a choice - a pill or an injection. Such drugs help to remove excess fluid from the body with urine. At the same time, mineral complexes containing potassium should be taken - it is actively excreted when using diuretics.

To maintain retinal health and regulate eye pressure, look out for fish oil and seaweed supplements that contain valuable polyunsaturated acids.

Sometimes eye pressure can be caused by extreme stress. In this case, relaxation procedures will help, for example, baths with sea salt, as well as sedatives - infusions of motherwort or valerian.

Additionally, physiotherapy techniques are used to relieve an unpleasant symptom.

It could be:

massage of the face and neck-collar zone;
acupuncture;
the use of a special device - Sidorenko glasses. This device combines infrasound, vacuum, phonophoresis and color-impulse effects. In glaucoma, it should be used with caution so as not to provoke an attack.

In the most difficult cases, pressure reduction is achieved by surgical intervention - by the method of iridomia using laser beams.

Possible side effects

Any remedy has its side effects. A slight burning sensation does not apply to them. This is a natural reaction of the eye to the drug, which quickly passes.

You should think about the use of the drug if it causes:

conjunctivitis;
severe redness of the whites of the eyes or a change in the color of the pupils;
swelling and pain;
haze when looking at individual objects.

Some potent eye pressure drops can even lead to bronchospasm, a violation of cardiovascular activity. This means that they do not suit you, and other means should be used. If an allergic reaction is manifested in the form of redness and swelling, you need to rinse your eyes with water and consult a doctor about changing the medication. You can buy eye drops only in pharmacies.

During treatment, it is not recommended to drive a car, play sports (especially jumping and strength exercises with weight lifting). Work at the computer and reading books should be reduced in time (if possible, up to four hours a day), take breaks more often. You need to sleep on a high pillow, so that your head is raised. It is not recommended to wear clothes with a narrow collar, ties. Also during treatment it is not recommended to drink alcohol and excessively salty foods, coffee and strong tea.

In order for treatment with drugs such as drops to be most effective, you need to learn how to bury them correctly.

For this you should:

Wash your hands with soap or clean them with an antiseptic solution.
Tilt your head back and pull the lower eyelid so that a kind of "pocket" is formed. Look down at this time.
Drop a drop of funds directly into this "pocket".
Close your eyes and gently press on the eyelid at the bridge of your nose. Hold for a minute.

Before instillation of the drug, contact lenses must be removed. You can wear them only half an hour after the procedure.

If you have been diagnosed with an intermittent increase in eye pressure, then you need to check it periodically to avoid unpleasant consequences and worsening underlying diseases. Drugs that cause a decrease in pressure are usually potent, so dosage must be carefully monitored. Sometimes a remedy that has been used for a long time ceases to give the desired effect. It should be replaced on the recommendation of the attending ophthalmologist to keep intraocular pressure within normal limits.

Intraocular pressure is an indicator that reflects the pressure of the internal fluid of the eyeball on the outer shell. It is very important to maintain this indicator in the normal range, as it lets you know about the general tone of the eye.

It is thanks to the normal IOP (in adults it is 22-23 mm) that the full nutrition of the eye membranes is maintained and the eye retains the shape of a sphere. An increase in this indicator provokes many visual ailments: from a decrease in visual acuity up to a complete loss. In this case, doctors prescribe special drops for eye pressure.

Why does eye pressure rise and fall?

Intraocular pressure can be measured using tonometers intended for this action. This procedure is rather difficult. But the symptoms accompanying reduced or, conversely, increased intraocular pressure will help a person independently determine the presence of these disorders in order to first consult a doctor.

With normal intraocular pressure, a balance is maintained between the outflow and inflow of fluid that is inside the eye and the fluid surrounding the eye from the outside. If this balance is disturbed, if this happens regularly, the vessels through which the fluid enters can be deformed.

An increase in intraocular pressure is much more common than a decrease in this indicator. With increased IOP, patients note the "eye bursting" syndrome, redness and fatigue of the eyes, and visual acuity may deteriorate.

Increased ophthalmotonus can be of 3 types: transient, labile and stable. Transient ocular hypertension is a one-time and short-term rise in eye pressure above normal. For a labile increase in IOP, a periodic slight increase in this indicator is characteristic, which soon returns to normal. With stable hypertension, intraocular pressure is constantly elevated, does not go away on its own and requires medical intervention.

Causes of ocular hypertension include:

Jumps in blood pressure (they are the cause of jumps in intraocular pressure, which are observed with transient ocular hypertension).
A large load of the eyes, in which they are very tired.
Rise in intracranial pressure.
Stress, disorders of the nervous system.
Cardiovascular diseases.
Inflammatory processes in the body.
Glaucoma (the main cause of stable ocular hypertension).

With an increase in IOP, drops are usually prescribed, but if the disease worsens, then tablets can also be used. Diuretics well remove fluid from the body, including from the eyes. Even for complex therapy, it is recommended to take drugs that increase immunity.

A decrease in ophthalmotonus is observed infrequently and is directly dependent on blood pressure. The most common causes of eye hypotension are:

dehydration of the body as a result of inflammatory processes;
carrying out operations;
damage to the eyeball;
congenital malformations of the eye.

Low intraocular pressure is treated with medication, but in some cases, surgical correction is necessary.

The best eye drops for pressure

Before prescribing treatment for intraocular pressure deviations to the patient, the doctor measures this indicator and conducts an examination, which is of an ophthalmic type. Based on the data collected, eye drops are prescribed to help normalize IOP.

Drops designed to reduce eye hypertension are divided into 3 groups:

Cholinomimetics are narrowing drugs that are aimed at draining excess fluid from the eye, due to the extension of the iris.
Sympathomimetics - help reduce IOP by acting on the nervous system.
Prostaglandins are the most conservative agents with few side effects that stimulate self-removal of excess fluid.

Timolol

By chemical composition the drug belongs to the group of adrenergic blockers, that is, it does not act on the entire body, but only on the place where there are pathological processes. The active substance of the drops is a component that has the same name as the drug - timolol.

This drug is synthetic and is used exclusively with a significant increase in IOP. The mechanism of action of Timolol is a sharp reduction in the eye fluid.

These drops are an excellent solution for people with diseases of the cardiovascular system. For example, to maintain the work of the heart muscle, with hypertension, when any drugs that act on blood pressure can be dangerous, the use of Timolol will help to avoid a hypertensive crisis.

Xalatan

Belongs to the group of prostaglandins, the active ingredient of the drug latanoprost. There are no side effects during application. But at the same time, the drug is effective. The effect of using Xalatan is immediately noticeable.

Xalacom

At the base of the drug are 2 active ingredients - latanoprost and timolol. Together, the effect of the substances is greater than each separately. The best result in the fight against increased IOP occurs 6-8 hours after the use of Xalacom.

Kosopt

The active ingredients of the drug timolol and dorzolamide reduce the production of intraocular fluid, thus reducing elevated IOP. In addition, timolol can increase fluid separation.

Fotil

This is a combination drug; based on 2 active ingredients. The advantage of this remedy is that it is quickly excreted from the body. Fotil improves the circulation of the retina and significantly reduces the fluid produced by the eye.

Betoptic

These drops are prescribed in the treatment of eye hypertension and for prevention. The drug is aimed at stimulating the outflow of excess fluid, thus, it normalizes the pressure inside the eye. The action of Betoptik can be felt within an hour after instillation.

Arutimol

The active substance of this drug is timolol. It is used even for glaucoma. This drug must be taken over a long period to get the desired effect. Arutimol - sparing and safe drops.

Travatan

This is one of the most powerful substances that helps to normalize IOP. Very often used to treat glaucoma, regardless of stage.

How to use drops

The dosage of eye drops is determined individually and depends on the degree of increase in intraocular pressure.

When using drops, there is no need for the help of a specialist, you just need to fulfill a number of simple requirements:

Before instillation, wash your hands well, ideally if with a bactericidal agent.
The patient should be in a comfortable position for him, it does not matter: sitting or lying down.
Throwing your head back, you need to look up, and take the lower eyelid down.
The eye and the bottle of drops should not touch.
After the drops have got into the eyes, you need to cover them, pressing down on the inner corners.

Contraindications and side effects

Drops for hypertension can not be used if the patient has the following pathological conditions and diseases:

decrease in the number of heartbeats (sinus bradycardia);
allergy to the components of the drug;
transferred shock from cardiology;
exacerbation of bronchial asthma;
lung disease in a chronic form;
the risk of retinal detachment or the presence of such a pathology;
surgical intervention associated with the organs of vision.

Consultation with an ophthalmologist before using drops to lower IOP is necessary, especially in the presence of concomitant diseases, for example, arterial hypertension. Self-medication can be dangerous because eye drops for eye pressure have such side effects:

the appearance of tears for no reason;
deterioration in the clarity of vision;
Pain in the eyes;
regular headache.

Sometimes with long-term use of hypotonic eye drops there are also severe complications, for example, eyelid dermatitis, blepharitis or keratitis. Remember that the treatment of the disease must be carried out on time. Otherwise, there will be more problems.

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP or HD) usually indicates the development of glaucoma. If a person feels pain in the eyes, his head hurts, his eyes get tired quickly, pressure is felt in the eyeballs, vision deteriorates quickly, you should consult a doctor. He will prescribe the necessary drugs.

IOP is usually elevated due to accumulation of fluid in the organ or a violation of its excretion. Gradually, irreversible processes occur, glaucoma begins to develop.

Violations are often caused by:

As a result of the development of pathology, a person loses peripheral vision, vision in the dark decreases, rainbow circles appear, and his head hurts. Sometimes vision loss occurs in one eye. In addition, with glaucoma, there is a gradual degradation of the nerve fibers of the eyes.

There are many resources that can help different stages ailment. Depending on the type of disease, the doctor selects the appropriate medication - these can be drops or tablets.

drop shape

In order to maintain vision as long as possible, it is necessary to reduce IOP. Usually, special drops are prescribed for this. They must be used constantly. Means for treatment in the form of drops provide:

decrease in HD;
normalization of the outflow of fluid;
decreased production of aqueous humor;
combined impact.

If treatment is ineffective, the doctor may prescribe an additional drug. The interaction of two types of drops provides the best result.

Fund groups

The main goal of therapy for elevated IOP is to reduce vascular tone in the organ. Drugs affect different parts of the eyes selectively. As a result, the symptoms disappear and visual function is restored.

To improve the patient's well-being and reduce symptoms, the following can be prescribed:

cholinomimetics;
β-blockers;
prostaglandins;
selective α-agonists;
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

The specifics of the action of drugs of these groups is as follows:

Therapy Rules

Eye drops are prescribed only by a doctor, and also calculates the dosage and frequency of use for each patient individually.

All drops are best instilled in the evening. Most of them are almost instantaneous. The patient gets better after two to three hours. To reduce systemic exposure, press the corners of the eyes for several minutes after instillation.

In addition to the general ones, there are some distinctive features of the use of drugs of each of the groups:

Symptoms of an overdose can be various allergic manifestations, malfunctions of the CCC, impaired respiratory function.

If the patient is taking any other drugs along with drops, he should inform the attending ophthalmologist about this. If the doctor prescribes the use of several eye drops at the same time, a break should be strictly observed between their intake. Then each of the drugs will have the most effective effect, but have a minimum number of side effects.

The safest means

Despite the risk of developing negative consequences of local treatment when using drops, the safest of them can be called:

These drops provide a rapid decrease in intraocular pressure, relief of excess moisture. They are prescribed for primary and secondary forms of glaucoma, significantly improve the quality of life of patients.

According to experts, the safest medicine today is the combined Brimonidine drops. They are recommended for glaucoma, even for pregnant women in the first trimester.

Tablet medicines

Medicines in the form of tablets for oral use are recognized as less effective than drugs in the form of drops. They are prescribed at the primary stage of the disease. Most often, the doctor prescribes the following pills:

Preparations for the normalization of IOP help to cope with the signs of primary and secondary glaucoma. However, you should not use them on your own. To prescribe a particular remedy, a thorough diagnosis is necessary. Only a doctor can prescribe a really necessary and safe remedy and choose the dosage.

Intraocular pressure is a fairly common problem among the inhabitants of the world, it must be dealt with, because it forms the correct structure for the formation of all nutritional processes in the body. The pressure in the eye can be either increased or decreased. The first is called glaucoma, the other hypotension.

Normal intraocular pressure is considered to be from 8 to 26 mm Hg, in this condition a person feels great and does not strain his eyesight. With stress, strong physical and mental stress, after an illness, pressure indicators can change for the worse.

The most common remedy for this disease are eye drops. In this article we will talk about them, their composition, pharmachologic effect and methods of application.

Intraocular pressure

Intraocular pressure Source: youtube.com The term intraocular pressure is understood as the force of impact, which is exerted by the structures of the eye - aqueous humor and the vitreous body on its capsule. Due to it, the tone of the body is maintained.

Normal intraocular pressure is created by the difference in moisture from the anterior and posterior chambers, which constantly decreases and enters. Thanks to this feature, the maintenance of the correct functioning of the eye system is ensured.

Intraocular pressure ensures the spherical shape of the organ, and also creates the necessary conditions for the organization of power processes of all structures.

Norms for eye pressure of a healthy person

The norm for eye pressure is from 10 to 23 mm Hg. It is noteworthy that during the day the indicators can change, during the day they are usually higher, in the evening - lower. However, the jumps are insignificant - no more than 3 mm Hg.

Ophthalmotonus leads to vision problems and physical discomfort. It is inherent mainly for people over 40 years old. The most serious consequence of this phenomenon is glaucoma.

High pressure

Source: OverHealth.ru Increased eye pressure is called "ophthalmohypertension". Increased eye pressure is quite rare, but no less dangerous disease. It occurs due to the pressure of the contents of the eyeball on the outer shell of the eye - the sclera and cornea.

It is especially well felt if you lightly press the closed eyelids with your fingers, however, patients often complain of heaviness and “bursting” of the eyes, even in their normal state. The pressure is especially acute against the background of other diseases - colds, runny nose, headaches.

Constant high pressure in the eye is called glaucoma. This is a serious disease that can lead to decreased vision or even total blindness. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of such problems as early as possible.

His reasons are as follows:

jumps in blood pressure;
eye fatigue (long-term TV viewing or computer work);
high intracranial pressure;
stress and strain;
malfunctions of the central nervous system and heart;
kidney problems;
menopause;
poisoning.

This is just the most common causes high eye pressure. Manifestations of ophthalmohypertension cannot be overlooked. The symptoms are as follows:

eye redness;
eye fatigue;
poor quality of vision at dusk;
reduction in the field of vision of a person;
pain in the temples and superciliary arches;
iridescent arcs and midges in the eyes when they come into contact with light;
vision is rapidly deteriorating;
severe discomfort to the eyes, which manifests itself almost constantly.

Low

Source: Serdce.guru This phenomenon is also called eye hypotension. It is rare and has a direct relationship with the patient's blood pressure. With prolonged general hypotension, the pressure in the capillaries of the eyes decreases, resulting in ophthalmotonus.

In addition to hypotension, the following factors can lead to it:

previous surgery on the eye(s);
inflammatory processes in the eyeball;
foreign body in the eye;
atrophy of the eyeball as a result of trauma;
retinal detachment;
other pathologies associated with the eyes;
diseased kidneys;
infection;
body dehydration.

Eye pressure below normal is often manifested by dry eyes and lack of luster. Sometimes there is a general deterioration in vision. However, often hypotension of this type does not manifest itself in any way.

Causes

Normal eye pressure is eight to twenty-six millimeters of mercury. With such indicators, a person feels comfortable, and the eye is not subjected to unnecessary stress.

However, failures often occur in the body, as a result of which the secretion of the natural fluids of the eye increases, as well as the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, which leads to pressure surges. The cause of such failures can be stress, a strong load (including mental), a recent illness.

Another reason for the increase in intraocular pressure may be a change in the anatomical structure of the eye. The risk group includes people suffering from diseases:

of cardio-vascular system
atherosclerosis
farsightedness
having a hereditary predisposition

What causes disease?

No one is immune from increased eye pressure. This is a common pathology that can lead to glaucoma, which can lead to visual impairment up to blindness. Pressure is especially strongly felt with headache, migraine pain and various colds. His normal readings are 8-26 mm Hg. Art.

When a failure occurs in the body, which increases the secretion of eye secretions and disrupts the functioning of the cardiovascular system, the pressure inside the eyes rises rapidly. High blood pressure accompanies many eye diseases.

The optometrist, before prescribing drops to reduce eye pressure, measures its magnitude and looks for the cause of the disorder.

The main factors of eye pressure include:

Stress.
Chronic fatigue (mental and physical).
Hypertonic disease.
Pathology of the thyroid gland.
Renal and heart failure.
neurological diseases.
Neoplasms.
Complications after past illnesses.
Changes in the structure of the eyes.
Injury, inflammation of the eyeball.
Cardiopsychoneurosis.
Prolonged use of steroids.

The disorder causes attacks of temporal pain, pain when moving the eyes, weakness, lethargy.

Symptoms of the disease

When the disease is just beginning to develop, a person may not even notice it. Heaviness in the eyes and fatigue are often attributed to overload or lack of sleep.

However, it is impossible to get rid of increased intraocular pressure after sleeping for a couple of days: even after retreating for a short time, the disease will return later. Progressing, the disease becomes more noticeable and gives the patient a lot of anxiety.

The most noticeable symptoms include a sharp decrease in vision and frequent severe headaches, usually localized in the area of the eyes or temples. Also, in those suffering from the disease, redness of the eyes and blurred vision are observed.

If you do not contact an ophthalmologist at this stage and do not take urgent measures, you can lose your sight, since the optic nerve can atrophy due to prolonged pressure.

Therefore, if at least two of the listed symptoms appear within a few days, it is worth making an appointment with a specialist as soon as possible.

Treatment

Treatment depends primarily on the stage of development of the disease. If the problems began to appear only recently and there are no serious violations of the functioning of the eye, fairly simple methods will help.

An ophthalmologist may prescribe eye exercises, wearing special goggles, moisturizing eye drops. It is also necessary to limit the load on the eyes, in particular, to strictly control the amount of time spent at the computer or TV.

It is necessary to exclude activities that require concentration and eye strain - knitting, beading, soldering, assembling models. Instead, it is better to go for a walk in the park or do gymnastics.

But power or contact sports will need to be excluded, at least temporarily: regular loads and concussions will negate the effect of treatment. When the disease progresses rapidly, resort to more serious measures up to surgical intervention.

There are two types of operations performed with increased intraocular pressure: excision of the iris with a laser laser stretching of the trabeculae. Both operations allow to improve the release of excess secretion products, due to which the pressure inside the eye is reduced.

In addition, with an increase in pressure, medication, instillation of special drugs and changes in lifestyle can be prescribed. In the event that the disease is advanced and glaucoma of the eye occurs, modern medicine is powerless to stop the regressive processes.

However, regular monitoring by specialists and strict adherence to their instructions will make it possible to live an almost full life, minimizing visual impairment.

When it comes to the eyes, do not forget about the importance of preventive measures to protect them. Unfortunately, most modern professions are directly related to the constant presence of a person in front of a computer monitor.

Therefore, in order to save good vision up to the elderly, you need to remember about exercises for the eyes, mandatory breaks during work. Such measures will help prevent deterioration of vision and the appearance of symptoms of high or low eye pressure.

Eye pressure drops

There are many ways to reduce elevated intraocular pressure. The most convenient is to use drops. They have a different mechanism of action and composition, but all are aimed at maintaining the normal functioning of the organ of vision.

Depending on the main active substance, the funds are divided into the following groups:

cholinomimetics;
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors;
sympathomimetics;
prostaglandin analogs;
Complex means of combined action.
beta-blockers;
alpha-agonists;
combination drugs.

Depending on the cause that caused the increase in intraocular pressure and the characteristics of the patient, drugs of a certain mechanism of action are prescribed.

For the treatment of the described pathology and for preventive purposes, drops are often used. They radically differ in their composition, the mechanism of influence on the human visual apparatus.

The choice of drugs to restore vision by stabilizing intraocular pressure depends on individual characteristics patient, the root cause that provoked the pathology.

Some drugs provide a normal outflow of intraocular fluid, while others reduce its formation, and others belong to the combined complex group.

Cholinomimetics

Source: en.ppt-online.org The main products of this group are Carbacholin and Pilocarpine. Treatment of intraocular pressure occurs by improving the outflow of fluid. Facilitation of its removal is observed with a narrowing of the pupil and contraction of the muscles inside the eye. They combine well with drugs from other groups.

The property of the drug "Pilocarpine" is to reduce the muscles of the eye through the stimulation of receptors. Then the pupil constricts and the pressure inside the eye decreases.

Indications for the use of drops are:

Closed and open angle glaucoma.
retinal vein thrombosis.
Obstruction of the arteries in the retina.
Before examination for pupillary constriction.
Elimination of overdose symptoms when using pupil dilators.
Recovery period after surgery.

To eliminate the symptoms of an overdose medicines dilating the pupil. Eye drops are not safe for patients with iridocyclitis, keratitis, allergies to the components of the drug.

Carbacholin is used to reduce pressure. It has the same properties as Pilocarpine. It is used only among patients with angle-closure glaucoma.

The appointment of the drug is prohibited in case of violation of the integrity of the cornea, bronchial asthma, angina pectoris and hypersensitivity to the active ingredients.

The main therapeutic focus of these funds is to improve the outflow of fluid. Drops, which are perfectly combined with other drugs, contribute to the contraction of the intraocular muscles, constrict the pupil, which greatly facilitates the removal of moisture.

The drug Pilocarpine contracts the eye muscles by stimulating their receptors. Further, the pupil constriction occurs, respectively, the pressure decreases.

Contraindications

Cholinomimetics are not recommended for patients with allergic reactions to the components of the drops, keratitis, iridocyclitis. It is forbidden to use after surgery, when the narrowing of the pupil will lead to a serious deterioration in the condition.

In order to reduce pressure in the eyes, the drug Carbacholin is prescribed. It is intended for the safe treatment of patients diagnosed with angle-closure glaucoma. Of the contraindications noted asthma, corneal disorders, allergic reactions, angina pectoris.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A group of eye drugs for high blood pressure is aimed at a special enzyme that is produced by the ciliary body. Changing its functioning leads to a decrease in the amount of moisture formed in it. For this purpose, the most effective and affordable drops "Azopt" and "Trusopt" are used.

They contain various active ingredients, and therefore the indications for the appointment have some differences.

Drops "Azopt" reduce the transport of fluid and sodium, which leads to a decrease in the formation of intraocular fluid. For this reason, high blood pressure is normalized. It is indicated for people with open-angle glaucoma.

"Azopt" is not prescribed to patients with kidney disease, and limited use is allowed for liver disease and closed glaucoma.

Drops that reduce eye pressure "Trusopt" operate on the same principle. It is based on another active substance that allows you to expand the indications. It can be used by patients with open-angle (children and adults) and secondary glaucoma without block in the anterior chamber of the eye.

This drug group is used in the development of symptoms of glaucoma. The main action is directed to the enzyme, which is produced in the ciliary body. When the function of the latter is disturbed, the amount of moisture created decreases.

To prevent such transformations, ophthalmologists often prescribe Trusopt, Azopt drops to patients. They differ in indications for use, since they contain different active substances.

Azopt minimizes the movement of sodium and fluid, which reduces the release of moisture within the visual system. As a result, normalization of pressure is observed.

Azopt is often prescribed for people diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma. These drops should be used with caution closed form glaucoma, in chronic liver diseases. Contraindication - kidney pathology.

Trusopt drops are characterized by a similar action. Their active ingredient - dorzolamide hydrochloride - effectively copes with high pressure, which progresses against the background of intraocular hypertension or glaucoma. The drug has practically no contraindications, which explains its widespread use.

Sympathomimetics

Source: moi-oftalmolog.com The action of drugs is based on the effect on cell receptors. Many patients are prescribed drops to reduce eye pressure "Oftan Dipivefrin". They temporarily increase the formation of fluid, and then significantly reduce its amount.

At the same time, pupil dilation occurs. "Oftan Dipivefrip" is indicated for people with open-angle glaucoma and that has arisen on the operated eye for cataracts. Drops from eye pressure are not prescribed for allergies to the components of the drug and for blockage of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye.

This group of drugs has a direct effect on receptors (at the cellular level). The drug Oftan Dipivefrin is widely used.

drop feature

The peculiarity of these drops is that there is an increase in the resulting fluid, after which its amount decreases, while pupil dilation is observed.

The drug is indicated for open-angle glaucoma, which is formed after surgery (cataract). Contraindications: blockage of the angle of the anterior eye chamber, allergy to any of the components.

This drug group is considered the most effective and safe. The therapeutic effect is noted after 1.5-2 hours after using these medications.

Beta blockers

Source: aptekavita.ru Ophthalmic drops for increased eye pressure have similar properties to drugs for systemic administration. The action is based on reducing the amount of moisture. When instilling the drug, it is recommended to close your eyes for 2-3 minutes.

During this time, beta-blockers will begin to have only a local effect, and practically will not penetrate into the nasolacrimal duct.

If you do not follow the recommendation, then drops from increased eye pressure, once in the bloodstream, will negatively affect the cardiovascular, endocrine respiratory systems. To reduce the risk of side effects, more modern drugs are prescribed.

These include "Timolol", "Betoptik". The first drug is well tolerated and patients practically do not notice an increase in heart rate as one of the possible phenomena. Drops from eye pressure not only inhibit the formation of aqueous humor, but also facilitate its outflow.

"Timolol" does not affect the pupil and therefore does not impair visual acuity in the patient. It is prescribed for symptoms of primary open-angle and secondary glaucoma. The tool has a number of contraindications for use, which include:

The patient's age is up to 18 years.
Bradycardia (heart rate less than 60 beats per minute).
Chronic diseases of the respiratory system with obstruction.
Heart failure.
Dystrophic on changes in the surface of the cornea.
With caution, drops are prescribed during pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxic goiter.

"Betoptik" normalizes increased intraocular pressure by the same mechanism as "Timolol". In contrast, this agent selectively affects the receptors of the cells of the organ of vision, which respond to the formation of fluid in it.

In addition, they penetrate well through the cornea and accumulate in the tissues. This leads to side effects from beta-blockers.

"Betoptik" is prescribed to patients for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and reducing the tone of the eyeball. The drug has the same list of contraindications as Timolol.

The action of such drugs is aimed at reducing the level of moisture produced. After instillation of the eyes, they must be covered for several minutes. During this time, beta-blockers will have a local therapeutic effect, but will not have time to pass into the nasolacrimal ducts.

If these conditions are not met, the drops will enter the circulatory system, which may adversely affect the work of the respiratory, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems.

Modern antiglaucoma drops, tablets, and other forms of drugs are practical and highly effective, since they almost do not cause side effects. Among beta-blockers, drugs such as Timolol and Betoptik are often prescribed.

Timolol in almost all cases is well tolerated by patients, in exceptional cases, there is an increase in heart rate. The action of these drops is aimed at preventing the formation of excess moisture, its unhindered outflow.

Due to the fact that Timolol does not affect the pupil, there is no distortion of visual clarity. An agent is prescribed to stabilize the pressure in the eyes of adults with primary (open-angle) and secondary glaucoma. If thyrotoxic goiter is diagnosed, the drug is used under the supervision of a specialist.

As for the drug Betoptik, its mechanism of action is almost similar to the previous description. If the eyes swell, ophthalmologists often prescribe such drops. They are distinguished by a selective effect on the cellular receptors of the eyes, which are responsible for the production of fluid in them.

The active substance appears through the cornea and is able to accumulate in soft tissues, resulting in side effects characteristic of beta-blockers. Purpose: decreased tone in the eyeballs, open-angle glaucoma.

Alpha-agonists

To relieve high intraocular pressure, some patients are prescribed drugs from the group of alpha-agonists. They are limited in use due to a large number side effects. The composition of the drops contains clonidine.

Specialized clinics use the only remedy - this is Brimonidine. The drug is used in the presence of contraindications to the appointment of beta-blockers and open-angle glaucoma. It is not prescribed to children under 2 years of age, as well as to patients taking antidepressants.

If diagnosed persistently high pressure inside the eyes, in some cases medications related to alpha-agonists are used. Their use is severely restricted as many patients experience adverse side effects.

These drugs contain clonidine, a potent substance, they are prescribed if there are contraindications to beta-blockers, and if open-angle glaucoma is diagnosed. Contraindications: the use of antidepressants, children's age.